Зразок виконання 2 (до впр. ІІ)

Зразок виконання 3 (до впр. ІІІ)

Варіант 1

I. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Пам’ятайте, що об’єктний та суб’єктний інфінітивні звороти відповідають підрядним реченням. (див. зразок виконання 1.)

1. The discount rate was reported to be raised.

2. He believes the inflation rate to reach 18 percent in the period in question.

3. This is the best method to be used to compare the productivity of capital in different industries.

4. Low rates of inflation are likely to exist in many economies.

5. They want consumers to spend more on products and services.

6. Learning about monetary policy, the first thing to be understood is the role of the Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed).

II. Перепишіть і письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад залежного та незалежного дієприкметникових зворотів (див. зразок виконання 2).

1. Nation-states being established in the 17-18^th centuries, international trade began to assume its present state.

2. Loan capital is more appropriate to firms operating in stable markets.

3. Having calculated the programme, he paid attention to possible changes.

4. The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms as well as the government and local authorities, all taking decision about prices and wages.

5. The issues touched upon in the report are of great importance.

6. Working on this project we found out a lot of interesting things.

III. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад умовних речень (див. зразок виконання 3).

1. If the company introduced modern inventions, its business would flourish.

2. If the price level had risen, the value of money would have decreased.

3. If many incomes rise by 5 per cent, but over the same period prices by 10 per cent, real income will fall.

IV. Прочитайте та усно перекладіть українською або російською мовою 1, 3 абзаци тексту. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть 2 абзац тексту.

Пояснення до тексту

regardless of the system used - незважаючи на застосовану систему

to enjoy a good quality of life - володіти гарною якістю життя

What is Economics?

1.Economics is the study of the allocations of scarce resources among competing individuals. You understand what it means to “economize” in you own life. It means we have to learn to “make do” because we do not have all that we want. The world is in a similar situation. These are factors of production (resources) available: land and natural resources, human labor and capital (machines, tools and buildings). Those resources are used to produce goods and services to satisfy our need for food, shelter and clothing, and other needs. The economic questions are: “Who decides how to allocate those resources?” and “How should they be allocated?”

2. Today, resource allocation in some countries is largely government controlled. Resource allocation may also be left to individual consumers, bargaining in the marketplace and trading goods and services. That is the nature of capitalist systems (for example USA and Canada). In between are systems that are based on private exchange and some government ownership. That is the nature of socialist systems (for example, Sweden and Denmark). Even socialist countries such as Norway rely on private business for wealth. There are no pure capitalist or communist systems; all systems have some mixture of consumer choice plus government-controlled allocation.

3. Regardless of the systems used, the ultimate goal of economics is to make optimum use of resources so that people can attain a good standard of living (that is, have homes, cars, clothes and other tangibles) and enjoy a good quality of life (that is, education, health, a clean environment, and happiness).

V. Прочитайте запитання до тексту. З приведених варіантів відповідей визначте літеру речення, яка містить правильну відповідь на поставлені запитання.

1. What is economics?

a) ... the study of allocation of scarce resources to produce the highest standard of living and quality of life;

b) ... the study of territorial organization of society;

c) ... the study of laws of development of communities, groups and individuals.

2. What are factors of production?

a) ... land, materials, human labour and capital;

b) ... lodgings, hospitals, schools;

c) ... parks, clubs, holiday centres.

3. By whom is resource allocation generally controlled?

a) ... by government;

b) ... by individual consumers;

c) ... by consumers and government.

Варіант 2

I. Перепишіть. Письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Пам’ятайте, що об’єктний та суб’єктний інфінітивні звороти відповідають підрядним реченням. (див. зразок виконання 1.)

1. The manager ordered a cable to be sent at once.

2. This joint-venture company proved to be enormously profitable.

3. This is not a matter to be easily agreed upon.

4. I insist you to send us the catalogues price lists and other documents.

5. The company appears to obtain a comparative advantage in producing aircraft.

6. Loads to be exported are kept in a warehouse.

II. Перепишіть і письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад залежного та незалежного дієприкметникових зворотів (див. зразок виконання 2).

1. The letter having been delayed, the news reached us too late.

2. Money existing in the modern world has various uses.

3. Having established the seasons we can proceed with our regular work in this matter.

4. The bank is a reservoir of loanable money, streams of money flowing in and out.

5. These factors taken together constitute the main picture of the financial crisis.

6. Dealing with statistical data it is necessary to have all the factors involved.