Match the English words to the Russian ones.

root cap                                                                                     верхушечная почка

terminal bud                                                                       главный корень

tap root                                                                              корневой чехлик                                                            

flower stalk                                                                        ответвление

node                                                                                   пазушная почка

axillary bud                                                                        узел на стебле

lateral shoot                                                                       цветоножка

Match the Russian words to the English ones.

корень                                             flower

лист                                                 petiole

цвето                                               stem

междоузлие                                    leaf

стебель                                            root    

пазуха                                             internode                                                   

черешок листа                                axil

Match the words to the definitions.

axillary bud                                             a structure at the ends of the roots which overs                                                              and protects the apical meristem of the rootflower                                                     an offshoot of the stem of a plant

flower stalk                                                           a leaf stalk; it attaches the leaf to the plantroot cap                                                               a bud that develops in the axilinternode                                               a structure that obtains food water from the  soil, stores energy, and provides support for the plant

lateral shoot (branch)                               the reproductive unit of angiosperms

petiole                                                     the structure that supports the flower

root                                                                                         the area of the stem between any two adjacent nodes

3.4. Match the definitions to the words.   

the main supportive part of the plant                                                       node

the main root of some plants                                                                  terminal bud

the part of the stem from which a leaf, branch, or aerial root grows         stem

a bud located at the apex (tip) of the stem                                                 axil 

an outgrowth of a plant that grows from a node in the stem                      leaf

the area between the stem and a branch, leaf, or petiole                            tap root   

Fill in the missing words.

1. There are two main systems of a flowering plant, a … system and a … system.

2. Another name of the stem is a … .

3. A terminal bud is also called an … bud.                                    

4. The root has got two parts, a root … and root … .

5. Leaves have … .

6. Roots … a plant in soil, …minerals and water, and … food.

7. The three main functions of leaves are …,…,… .

8. Buds are … .

_____________________________________________________________

store, shoot, photosynthesis, hairs, veins, gas exchange, absorb, shoot, apical, growth of shoot, root, anchor, tip, transpiration

Translate the following words as

Nouns                                                    Verbs

structure                                                 structure

function                                                  function

obtain                                                     obtain

shape                                                      shape

support                                                  support

cover                                                      cover  

base                                                        base

water                                                      water

Grammar exercises

Determine the part of speech. Translate correctly.

it lives, their lives, they lived, is living now, people living in such conditions, living a healthy life isn't simple, a living being;

a good support, his supporting is very important for me, she always supports me, I’m supported, is supporting at the moment, supporting their ideas, supportive environment;

A) Form the adjectives from the verbs using the suffix – ive

Example: produce – productive

select –

support –

protect –

reproduce –

B) Translate the words combinations.

selective ability, supportive part, productive ability, protective action, reproductive organs, protective forest, protective cover, reproductive biology.

Translate correctly. Notice the words in bold.

1. A plant is a living organism that utilizes photosynthesis. 2. Plants living only one year are called annuals. 3. Absorbing water is the main function of roots. 4. The roots are used for absorbing water from the soil. 5. A plant lives absorbing water and food from the soil. 6. Let’s take a typical flowering plant. 7. Flowering takes place in spring. 8. Flowering early in spring these flowers fling their fragrance. 9. This year cherry is flowering not so well.

Task 1. Read the text.

THE ANATOMY OF A FLOWERING PLANT

A plant is a member of the kingdom Plantae, a living organism that utilizes photosynthesis, a process in which energy from sunlight is converted to chemical energy (food). Plants are at the base of the food web and are autotrophs (or producers – organisms that make their own food).

Plants vary greatly in size, shape, and the type of environment in which they live. But the structure of many plants is the same.

Take a typical flowering plant. It consists of a stem (also called the axis), roots, lateral shoots (also called the branches), leaves and flowers.    

The stem is the main supportive part of the plant.

The roots are used for obtaining food and water from the soil. Also they store energy and provide support for the plant. Most roots grow underground. The main root of some plants is called a tap root; the tap root extends straight down under the plant. At the ends (tips) of the roots there is a structure called a root cap. It covers and protects the apical meristem (the actively growing region) of the root.

Lateral shoots or branches are offshoots of the stem and are covered with leaves, supported by a petiole, a leaf stalk, which attaches the leaf to the plant.

The leaf is an outgrowth of a plant that grows from a node in the stem. Most leaves are flat and contain chloroplasts; their main function is to convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy (food) through photosynthesis.

Each plant has many nodes. The node is the part of the stem from which a leaf, branch, or aerial root grows. The area of the stem between any two nodes is called internode.

The angle between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch, or petiole is called an axil. A bud that develops in the axil has a name of axillary bud. A bud located at the apex (tip) of the stem is a terminal bud. Terminal buds have special tissue, called apical meristem, consisting of cells that can divide indefinitely.

The reproductive unit of angiosperms is a flower. It is supported by a flower stalk.

Task 2. Answer the questions to the text.

 1. Does a plant belong to the kingdom Plantae or Animalia? 2. What is photosynthesis? 3. Do plants differ much from each other? 4. What main parts does a typical flowering plant consist of? 5. Why does a plant need the stem? 6. What are roots used for? 7. What is the name of the main root? 8. Where is a root cap? Why does a plant need it? 9. What are lateral shoots (branches)? 10. A leaf stalk supports a leaf, doesn’t it? 11. Where does a leaf grow from? 12. What is the main function of leaves? 13. What is a node (internode)? 14. What are the names of plant buds? Why are they called in this way? 15. What’s the reproductive unit of angiosperms? What is it supported by?

Task 3. Make up a dialogue.

T. Excellent! I think you don’t need to take a test in the next lesson.

S. It serves to support a plant.

T. You remember the structure of a plant, don’t you?

S. They anchor a plant in soil and provide it with water and food.

T. Right! And what can you say about the steam?

S. Yes, of course. They are branches, buds, nodes, stalks, petioles, and flowers.

T. Good! And what’s the main function of roots?

S. Their most important functions are photosynthesis, gas exchange, and transpiration.

T. Very well! And what about leaves?

S. Yes, I do. The basic parts of a plant are roots, the steam, and leaves.

T. Yes, it’s true! Do you know the other parts of a flowering plant?

At the Botany lesson

Task 4. Solve a crossword puzzle.

Описание

Across: 1. The supportive part of the plant is a … 2. What’s the name of the area between two nodes? 3. We call the bud situated in the axil an … 4. On the stem there is a place from which a leaf, branch, or aerial root grows. It’s a … 5. The name of the main plant root is a … 6. The reproductive part of angiosperms is a … 

Down: 7. The unit that contains chloroplasts and where photosynthesis takes place is a … 8. The area between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch, or petiole is an … 9. What’s the name of the bud located at the top of the stem? 10. Another name of the leaf stalk is a … 11. The plant structure that provides a plant with food and water from the soil is called a … 12. The plant branch is also called… 13. We call the part protecting the ends of the roots … 14. A plant unit which supports the flower. What’s its name?

Module 5 GROWS OF PLANTS

Text 5 PLANT GROWS

1 Pre – reading tasks:

Vocabulary

annual – однолетний

biennial – двулетний

complete – заканчивать, завершать

lodge – полегать

mature – 1. зрелый, спелый, 2. созревать

maturity – зрелость

need – 1. нужда, 2. нуждаться

oxygen – кислород

perennial – многолетний

provide – обеспечить

require – требовать

ripe – зрелый

ripen – зреть, созревать

stage – стадия

tuber – клубень

within – в; внутри

Synonyms:

complete = finish

enough = sufficient

lastly = at last

mature = ripe

maturity = ripeness

need = require

Antonyms:

complete – begin

within – outside

1.2. Transcribe the following words and read them:

Oxygen, lodge, enough, maturity, require 

Vocabulary exercises