Transform the direct speech into reported one according to the model. Pay attention to the rules of the sequence of tenses. Translate the sentences.

 Mr. Smith says, “You look nice today”. – Mr. Smith said that she looked nice that day.

Make the following sentences passive. Translate the sentences.

1. He took his umbrella. –                     Він узяв свою парасольку.

His umbrella was taken by him.        Його парасольку було узято ним.

Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the function of the Infinitive constructions in the sentence.  

1. It was easy for him to walk in the wood    Йому було легко так довго

so long, because he went in for jogging in  гуляти у лісі, тому що в

his childhood.                                              дитинстві він займався

                                                                    спортивною ходою.

I ВАРІАНТ

Transform the direct speech into reported one according to the model. Pay attention to the rules of the sequence of tenses. Translate the sentences.

1. Mr. Higgins says, “I’ve taught Eliza to speak properly”.

2. She said, “We like to make our old friends comfortable”.

3. The boy thought, “She’s been reading the book since 8 o’clock in the morning”.

4. The policeman said, “Your mother or somebody will want to know about this”.

5. “Oh, Dick!” she exclaimed, “I am so glad you have come”.

Make the following sentences passive. Translate the sentences.

1. We will finish the work not later than on Friday.

2. Somebody has invited her to the party.

3. People laughed at her when she said it.

4. I felt that somebody was watching me.

5. Did they give you all the necessary books?

Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the function of the Infinitive constructions in the sentence.

1. It was very difficult for Della to leave her brother in the company of robbers.

2. He is heard to leave for London.

3. The weather seems to improve today.

4. Jim’s mother did not want him to participate in the box section, and he had to obey.

5. We have never known him lose his temper before.

Choose the necessary modal verb among those in brackets. Translate the sentences.

1. Dennis (can, must) play chess very well. He is going to be a champion soon.

2. (Should, may) I come in? I am late because of the hard traffic.

3. John (may not, cannot) be so shy. I know him as a joyful person.

4. You are a student of our college, so you (may, must) play for our football team.

5. Our father (be to, should) be congratulated with his birthday tomorrow.

Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the translation of the                 Gerund.

1. Meeting the president of the United States of America is a great honour for every citizen of America.

2. Being afraid of cancer my grandfather gave up smoking.

3. I regret having wasted so much time on this boring book.

4. In translating the text he consulted the dictionary.

5. I don’t mind him visiting our party tomorrow.

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Pop Culture

For anthropologists culture includes everything that occurs in a society – all the customs and practices handed down from generation to generation. Culture covers the various forces that contribute to our behaviour in society. These contributions usually come from our formal institutions, such as churches, the state, and now, the media; standards of behaviour; laws and conventional practices and customs.

Popular culture can be defined as the culture of everyone in a society. It can be so pervasive that we seldom notice it. In order for us to notice it, we must step back and consciously observe it. We can do it by really looking around us at the objects in our society and asking ourselves why we idolize the things we do, why we buy the things we do, and why we believe in the things we do.

Throughout the history, every society has had its own popular culture. Most of today’s popular culture is mass-produced and is disseminated in large quantities through the mass media. Popular music, cheap paperback novels, soap operas, videocassette movies and millions of advertised products from designer jeans to disposable razors make up our everyday environment. Stephen King novels, Levi’s jeans and the golden arches of McDonald’s are instantly recognizable symbols in our modern-day pop culture.

Another term that has developed is mass culture. It refers to the things in our culture that are mass-produced and/or shared through the mass media. In today’s society that represents almost everything in our popular culture. That is why the terms popular culture and mass culture are used almost interchangeably.

Pop culture used to be looked down upon by many academics who felt that the study of everyday culture was not appropriate in a university setting where students examined Western civilization, philosophy and the sciences. Supporters of the study of popular culture point out that it is a part of our history and holds as much relevance as war, slavery and revolutions. They note that by examining the themes and styles of a culture we can better understand the values of people. 

IІ ВАРІАНТ

Transform the direct speech into reported one according to the model. Pay attention to the rules of the sequence of tenses. Translate the sentences.

1. ”He’s broken my heart!” said Kim sadly.

2. “Well, I am not an experienced manager but I’m looking for a job”, murmured Jim to the interviewer.

3. The old man said, “I had to go in the cave, son”.

4. “Hans”, said the Miller, “I will give you my wheel-barrow”.

5. “Well!” cried Pinch, “You are the strangest young man, Martin, I ever knew in my life”.

Make the following sentences passive. Translate the sentences.

1. The teacher explained a new rule to the students.

2. I showed the documents to the officer.

3. The director dictated a telegram to the secretary.

4. Have they told you everything?

5. They often refer to Professor Arakin’s articles.

3. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the function of the Infinitive constructions in the sentence.

1. She saw him light a cigarette.

2. They let us examine the documents.

3. He doesn’t seem to leave for London a week ago.

4. I think it necessary for you to take a taxi.

5. Mary would like Nick to smoke less.

Choose the necessary modal verb among those in brackets. Translate the sentences.

1. A yellow sticker (can, must) be put on the windscreen by a police-officer.

2. She (can’t, mustn’t) lift this box, it’s too heavy.

3. But for the rain we (must, could) go for a walk.

4. Some people think that more parking space (should, may) be provided.

5. In those days a man (be to, could) be sentenced to death for a small crime.

Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the translation of the Gerund.

1. Translating such texts is rather difficult.

2. Without knowing the address, don’t go to look for his house.

3. They went on discussing the next item on the agenda.

4. I’ll never forget seeing her for the first time.

5. He stopped drinking coffee because it upset his stomach.

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Cartoons Against Drugs

Sometimes the media cooperate in a conscious effort to set the agenda for media consumers. TV networks occasionally join together in interrupting their regular programming to broadcast a speech or press conference by the president of the United States. Other times there are simulcast broadcasts of major new events.

In April of 1990 ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox networks joined with cable networks and independent TV stations across the nation to saturate the Saturday morning airwaves with an anti-drug message aimed at children.

At 9:30 a.m. most TV channels carried an animated half-hour show entitled Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue. Organized by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and produced under the auspices of Walt Disney Co., the program used such characters as Bugs Bunny, Miss Piggy and the Smurfs to send a strong message to youngsters about the dangers of using illegal drugs.

The story focused on a 9-year-old girl who learns that her 14-year-old brother has broken into her piggy bank to steal money to buy marijuana. The cartoon characters, who come to life from the girl’s books and stuffed toys, help her figure out what’s going on and eventually persuade her brother to stop using drugs.

The McDonald’s Corporation and its Ronald McDonald Children’s Charities provided $2 million for the production and a related anti-drug abuse campaign that involved passing out 250 million pamphlets about the program at McDonald’s restaurants and distributing tapes to video stores and schools.

The anti-drug effort did not go without criticism, however. Some felt that such an organized effort to send a single message to the nation’s youth was setting a dangerous precedent. Others criticized the fact that the program ignored the No. 1 substance abuse problem – alcohol. However, the program’s defenders hailed the broadcast as a major step in using the mass media for serious educational purposes.

ІІI ВАРІАНТ

1. Transform the direct speech into reported one according to the model. Pay attention to the rules of the sequence of tenses. Translate the sentences.

1. “Maurice,” she said, “I’ve just telephoned to the doctor”.

2. “Very well, then,” said my friend’s wife, “I shall take the children and go to a hotel until these cheeses are eaten”.

3. “I can go to England at the beginning of June, doctor, but not before,” I said.

4. The boy said to the policeman, “You’ve got all my papers”.

5. The receptionist said, “I think you had room number fourteen last time, Colonel Luscombe”.