Выполните контрольную работу № 1

I. Перепишите данные ниже предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово с окончанием -s какую функцию оно выполняет в предложении, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного или

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. This young engineer's projects are very interesting.

2. This worker studies at our Institute.

3. Westminster Hall is part of the Houses of Parliament.

4. He used the results of these analyses in his work.

5. Our professor's assistant is a young specialist.

6. Electricity lights our homes and streets.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности передачи на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными:

1. The function of a university library is to supply the students with books and necessary information about them.

2. A lot of foreign visitors came to Moscow to take part in the Holiday Celebrations.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык:

1. The nearer is the summer the longer are the days.

2. Winter in England is not so cold as it is in our country.

3. The highest building in Moscow is the University.

4. To study well is as important as to work well.

5. This new device operates several times faster than your old device.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий:

1. Nobody missed lectures last week.

2. Everything was ready for the experiment and the students had some minutes to rest.

3. We didn't find this technical magazine anywhere.

4. He knew nothing about this discovery.

5. I have not seen him for some years.

6. Something is wrong with the engine.

7. No one in the laboratory could tell us about the results of this experiment.

8. The professor told us about some interesting facts from his practical work.

V. Перепишите данные ниже предложения; определите в них видовременные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. There were two universities in England in the early thirteenth century these were Oxford and Cambridge.

2. Many great men studied at Cambridge and among them was I. Newton, the world-known English scientist and mathematician.

3. The students of Cambridge University don't attend all lectures.

4. For a long time London University had no library.

5. The students will take an active part in the preparation for the conference.

6. The lecturer told the students the programme of their practical course.

VI. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола let:

1. Let us read the text about the system of education in England.

2. Let him tell us about the old traditions of Cambridge University.

VII. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст №1

Cambridge

1. Cambridge is mainly a town of students. Cambridge University is one of the oldest universities in Great Britain. Many great men studied at Cambridge, among them Newton, the scientist, Bacon, the philosopher, Milton, the poet, Cromwell, the soldier and statesman.*

2. There are 19 colleges at the University now, two of them are for women students. Women students do not take a very active part in university life at Cambridge. But they work harder than men and you seldom see them outside of the classroom.

3. The students are mainly English but there are plenty of others. There is a variety of races, religions and points of view among the students of the University.

4. Wireless is of importance in university education. At home students after their day's work can hear lectures by eminent teachers on all kinds of subjects. Every student has a tutor. The tutor plans his students' work and discusses with them their work.

5. The story of Cambridge University began in 1209. That year several hunderd students arrived in the little town of Cambridge from Oxford. Life at Oxford was very hard at that time as there was constant trouble between the people of the town and the students. One day a student accidentally killed a man of the town. The Mayor** arrested three other students and ordered to hang them. In protest all the students moved to different parts of the country and some came to Cambridge; and so the new University began.

Notes

*statesman n - государственный деятель

** Mayor n - мэр города

VIII. Прочтите и перепишите и письменно переведите текст №2

At Oxford

Oxford is one of the world known centres of education and learning in Britain. It is not a modem city. When we walk along its clean streets we see at once that this is an ancient town. It is about eight hundred years old.

There are buildings of different architectural styles there, but there is no contrast in their size and material, because nearly all of them are built of the same soft gray limestone and have the same arrangement.

There are many students in the streets in their traditional black gowns. At Oxford University no student may call on a tutor or attend a lecture without his or her gown, therefore the students wear them in all weather, or carry them over arm or shoulder.

A British University consists of a number of colleges.

The lectures and examinations for the whole body of students are arranger by the university authorities. The colleges provide for residence and tutoring which means personal instruction of the students by the Don.

A Don is a college instructor who directs the studies of undergraduates, not more than four in number at a time.

The tutorial system of education has many advantages. The tutor is a great help to his students: he decides what lectures they must attend, recommends them books for reading, discusses and criticizes their written work and knows all about their discipline inside and outside the college. The disadvantage lies in the fact that there are many tutors with a reactionary outlook foreign to the way of thinking of the young generation. By means of personal contact the tutor may influence the political and social ideas of the students under his control.

How do the undergraduates live at Oxford? There are resident and nonresident students living in lodgings which are inspected by the college administration. Let us go up the narrow old wooden staircase at St. John's College, along a corridor and look into a room for 2 students.

Both of them, as the majority of the student body, are sons of rich parents. Years ago both their fathers and grandfathers studied at the same college and occupied the same room. Now their sons and grandsons live there, spend as much time on sport, wine and pleasure as their fathers did, and are members of the same club.

Since the boys are out we can have a good look at their lodging. The room is square, smallish but cosy. There is a table, 2 or 3 chairs, a pair of armchairs and a bookcase full of books. The floor is covered with a soft carpet. On the wall there are pictures, landscapes and family photographs. A bright fire is burning in the fireplace. In one corner there stands some sports equipment.

At all British Universities there are good sporting grounds for jumping, boxing, skating, running, playing football, golf and other games; but since the colleges don't provide the students with sports equipment sport is the privilege only of the rich who have means for buying all that is necessary for any kind of sport.

Our next visit was to the residence of one of the poorer young men who beiongs to the minority of the student body. He is a non-resident student, the son of a small bookkeeper. His parents belong to the average English people with average means. Since the cost of study at Oxfordls very high they can give their son a full higher education only at the cost of strict economy in personal comfort and pleasure. The boy lives in lodgings. His room is not so comfortable and cosy as that of the richer students: it is smaller in size and quite plain: there are no armchairs here; no carpet, no pictures, no sports equipment.

Контрольное задание № 2

Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice). Видовременные формы: Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

2. Модальный глагол и его эквивалент.

3. Согласование времен.

4. Неличные формы глагола (Participle, Gerund, Infinitive).

Познакомившись с краткими грамматическими пояснениями по данным разделам рекомендуется выполнить соответствующие тренировочные упражнения.

Страдательный залог
Passive Voice

Страдательный залог используется для выражения действий, совершаемых над объектами (цветок сломан), а не действий, совершаемых субъектами (Ветер сломал цветок).

Если не известен тот, кто производит действие, используем to be + III форма глагола: The flower is broken. The flower was broken. The flower will be broken.

Если субъект воздействия известен, используем предлог by:

The flower is broken by him. - Цветок сломан им.

Перевод страдательного залога на русский язык

В переводе не стремитесь передать глаголы в Passive Voice обязательно страдательными конструкциями. Возьмем такой пример:

The bridge was built 1. Мост был построен за три года'

in three years.      2. Мост строился три года

3. Мост строили три года.

В трех вариантах перевода вы видите:

1) страдательную конструкцию;

2) глагол на –ся;

3) неопределенно-личный оборот (строили без указания, кто строил).

Часто перевод страдательной конструкцией вообще невозможен.

Например: Не is often seen here. Его часто здесь видят. Such cars are made here. Такие автомобили делают(ся) здесь. Нельзя сказать «он видим» или «автомобили делаем». Пользуйтесь разнообразием возможностей, предоставляемых русским языком.

Упражнение № 1

Прочтите и переведите:

The dress was made by Ann. A new car was bought. Nothing was said about our plan. No questions will be asked. The plan will be changed. The two sides of the river are connected by a bridge. Is English taught at your institute? How was she dressed? How many examples will be given? Were such maps used a hundred years ago?