These sentences are not true. Correct them.

a) There are formal training programs for private investigators of detectives.

b) According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 56% of private investigators and detectives earn Bachelor’s degree.

c) Financial Investigators Should not expect to require related degree for their work.

5. Complete the following sentences:

a) There are currently…

b) An Associate’s Degree or a Bachelor’s Degree…

c) Crime Scene Investigators who work…

6. Give English equivalents for:

сочетание

богатый опыт

потенциальный абитуриент

степень бакалавра

сравнительный

квалифицированные специалисты

требовать удостоверение

большинство штатов

Text 6

1. Translate these words and word-combinations:

private investigator career

ascertain                       

background                  

checks                            

surveillance                    

missing person

database

legal records

irreqular hours

interpersonal skill

handle confrontation

2. Read and translate the text:

Private Investigator Career

Private Investigators typically work either for the public or the criminal justice system to investigate a variety of different crimes, or to ascertain the facts of a case that is not crime-related. The job description of the Private Investigator varies according to the specific needs of their clients. A case may involve carrying out background checks, making phone calls, meeting with people involved in the case, carrying out surveillance, locating missing persons, documenting evidence of a crime, and searching public legal records and databases.

Due to the nature of their work, Private Investigators often work irregular hours, and may work early in the morning or late at night, on weekends or on public holidays. They may work both in an office and outside it, depending on the nature of the case they are working on.

A career as a Private Investigator requires certain personal qualities more than it does education or qualifications. They should be able to think and react quickly in unexpected situations, have good communication and interpersonal skills, and should be able to handle confrontation and difficult situations without undue stress. In addition, a Private Investigator should also be able to focus on the details of a case and still be able to see the big picture, and should be able to think analytically and make connections between details that might seem irrelevant at first glance.

3. Answer the following questions:

a) What do private investigators typically work for?

b) At what hours do private investigators often work?

c) Should the private investigator be able to think analytically and make connections between details’ of the case?

4. These sentences are not true. Correct them:

a) Private investigators often work regular hours and may work only on weekends?

b) A career as a Private Investigator doesn’t require certain personal qualities.

c) A victim should be able to think and react quickly in unexpected situations.

5. Complete the following sentences:

a) A case may involves….

b) Due to the nature of their work…..

c) A Private Investigator should…..

6. Give English equivalents for:

пропавший без вести человек

навыки общения

юридические записи

правовые записи

нерабочее время

влияние

основные данные

неожиданная ситуация

проводить связь между

на первый взгляд

Text 7

1. Translate these words and word combinations:

financial

investigator           

freelancer                                

attorney                                   

involve crime                            

merger partner                        

acquisition

fraud 

embezzlement                     

recover damage

accounting

bookkeeping

auditing

to be detai-oriented

2. Read and translate the text:

Financial Investigator Career

Like Private Investigators, Financial Investigators may work as freelancers and be hired by members of the public, by a company, or by police or attorneys in the criminal justice system. However, Financial Investigators may also work full-time or part-time within the police force, or they may work in a role that does not involve crime at all.

A Financial Investigator who works for companies might be hired to investigate the financial profile of a company or individual that may be a potential merger partner or acquisition. When working with the police, they may investigate people or companies for evidence of fraud or embezzlement, or to recover damages awarded by a court.

The Financial Investigator should be well-educated in accounting, book­keeping, auditing and other financial fields. They should also have excellent analytical and observation skills, and be highly detail-oriented.

3.  Answer the following questions:

a) May financial investigator work as freelancers and be here’d by members of the public?

b) What are the main duties of financial investigators?

c) What are the main abilities of financial investigators?

These sentences are not true. Correct them.

a) Financial investigator may work as operative.

b) When working with the police, financial investigator may give first aid to a victim.

c) The financial investigator should be well-educated in medicine.

5. Complete the foellowing sentences

a) Financial Investigators may work as……

b) A Financial investigator might be hired to….

c) The Financial investigator should be…

Give English equivalents for

адвокат

судебная система

мошенничество

выявлять вред

быть хорошо образованным

аудиторство

финансировать область деятельности

навыки осмотра

Text 8

1. Translate these words and word-combinations:

plainclothes investigator       

collect evidence                  

all end crime scenes               

gather information 

document evidence    

surveillance

juvenile crime

drug trafficking

to be dropped hazardous

hazardous

potentially dangerous criminals

2. Read and translate the text:

Detective Career

Detectives work within the police force as plainclothes investigators who collect evidence for criminal cases, typically to determine who is responsible for a crime that has been committed. The job often involves attending crime scenes to gather information, interviewing suspects and witnesses, documenting evidence, carrying out surveillance on suspects, and participating in arrests. Detectives often specialize in particular areas of crime such as juvenile crime, homicide, drug trafficking, fraud or other areas. They are generally assigned cases by a supervisor and work the case until an arrest and conviction is made, or until the case is otherwise dropped or closed.

Detective work may often be both stressful and hazardous due to the necessity for dealing with and confronting potentially dangerous criminals. Detectives often work long hours while investigating a case, and will often be required to work on weekends and holidays depending on the demands of the job.

3. Answer the following questions:

a) What does the detective job usually involve?

b) In what do detectives often specialize?

c) May detective work often be both stressful and hazardous?

4. These sentences are not true. Correct them:

a) Medical expert collects evidence for criminal cases.

b) Detectives often specialize in terrorism.

c) Detectives do not work on weekends and holidays.

5. Complete the following sentences:

a) The job often involves……

b) Detectives often specialize….

c) They are generally assigned…..

6. Give English equivalents for:

оперативная работа

посещение места происшествия

собирать информацию

опрашивать подозреваемых

свидетель

протоколировать вещественные доказательства

участвовать в аресте

оказывать давление на подозреваемых

определенная сфера преступлений

правонарушения подростков

оборот наркотиков

самоубийство

вынесение обвинительного приговора

возбуждать дело

закрывать дело

требования

потенциально опасный преступник

UNIT 5

Interrogation

1. Some new words for the text:

distinction – различие, отличие  

concern – касаться, иметь отношение

encounter - столкновение

reluctant – делающий с неохотой

discover - обнаруживать, разоблачать

possession - владение, обладание

relevant - уместный

respect - отношение

refer - иметь отношение, относиться

resolve - решать, разрешать

issue - спорный вопрос

can do nothing but- не может не

patient - терпеливый

composed - спокойный, здержанный

persistent – упорный, настойчивый

sympathetic – полный сочувствия

firm – твердый, решительный, настойчивый

result - результат

acquire - приобретать

suit – соответствовать, подходить

although - хотя

happen – случаться, происходить

recognize – узнавать, признавать

lie - лгать

validity - обоснованность

admissible - допустимый

cooperative – согласованно действующий

willing – охотно делающий

falsely – фальшиво, ложно

deny - отрицать

description - описание

inquiry – наведение справок, расследование

height – высота, рост

appear – выступать, казаться

appearance – внешний вид, наружность

force - заставлять

ear - ухо

missing – отсутствующий, недостающий

artificial - искусственный

tooth - зуб

scar - шрам

2. Text for reading and translation:

INTERROGATION

The interrogation of criminal suspects and interviewing witnesses is the greatest source of direct information in the general administration of criminal justice. The line of distinction between an interrogation and an interview is very thin. Both involve questioning and more important, listening. Interviewing is the process of general questioning of victims, witnesses and others who may have knowledge about the criminal activity and who are "non-suspects" at the time of the encounter. The interrogation concerns the legal aspect of questioning and is the systematic questioning of a criminal suspect or a person who is reluctant to disclose information in his possession which is relevant to the investigation. In some respect interrogation refers to special police facilities and procedures of sleuthing. During the interview a "non-suspect" may become a suspect, the questioning then becomes interrogation.

Police and investigators depend on interrogation as a principal means of determining facts and resolving issues. Thus interrogation is a part of an investigation but it does not substitute for the investigation. The object of interrogation is to discover the truth and to prepare a criminal case for the prosecution in court, that is to develop evidence of guilt, to prove this guilt and to punish the person responsible for the crime and to recover the stolen property.

The success of any interrogation depends primarily on the efforts and specialized abilities of the investigator, a good decision-making judgment being quite indispensable for a technique of a successful interrogator. Every good investigator should be patient, tactful, composed, persistent and sympathetic, but he should be firm if it is necessary. Those salient features of the police officer can do nothing but help him in obtaining good results in the investigation.

There is not one method of interrogation. Every good investigator learns to acquire a technique of interrogation which best suits his temperament and his talents. Although a special list of "do's" and "don’ts" is quite available in the practice of interrogation, it often happens that some good investigators do not recognize certain general rules and use their own methods. We don't describe here such dramatic interrogation technology as the polygraph or so-called lie-detector and hypnosis because there is still no complete agreement by psychologists on the validity of these methods, and their results are not always admissible in court.

The subject of interrogation may be any person who has relevant information concerning the case. It may be a victim, a complainant, an accused, a witness and a criminal. They may be cooperative or uncooperative, willing or unwilling. In any case the officer should choose and follow the right line of interrogation.

A successful investigator never forgets that his attitude to the subject of interrogation may be the key to the solution of a case. When a witness docs not want to take part in criminal investigation he falsely denies the facts he knows and the officer fails to get the information. In this case the interrogator should neither threaten nor intimidate him. He tries to persuade the witness that he is shirking his duty as a citizen if he does not reveal the truth and without its discovering it will be impossible to solve the crime.

As a rule initial questioning by a police officer obtains a description of a suspect. In addition to inquiry about sex, race, age, height, clothing, glasses, hair length and facial appearance, the officer asks about the distinctive marks of the suspect, i.e. the most unusual features of his appearance. These questions force a subject to think about the overall appearance of the suspect and often result in establishing important information, e.g. the suspect has an ear missing, an artificial leg, gold teeth, or a scar running from one eye to the corner of his mouth. Such details may appear the most vital in the total process of identification, location and apprehension of the criminal.

3. Translate the following words and word-combinations:

this interrogation, that investigation, these subjects, those subjects, each complainant, every victim, any interrogation, some witness, other sources, another object, such facilities, such solution, few results, few distinctions, much information, many additions, more truth, many features, these initial questions, this description, her appearance, their distinctive marks, your height, that inquiry, every apprehension, any stolen property, some guilty persons, another encounter, many details, his possession, our decision-making judgement, those questions, the very complainant, less distinction, any encounter, some activities, least information.

4. Read and translate into Russian the following words paying attention to suffixes and prefixes in word-building. Improve your wordpower:

distinct - distinction - distinctive - distinctly

reluctant - reluctance - reluctantly

determine - determination

possess - possessIon - possessIve - possessor

relevant - relevance

refer - reference - referee

substitute – substitution

recover – recovery

discover – discovery

patient - patience

persist - persistence - persistent

sympathy - sympathetic - sympathize - sympathizer

result - resultant

happen - happening

recognize - recognition – recognizable

victim - victimize – victimization

complain - complaint – complainant

will- willing - willingly – willingness

false - falsely - falsehood – falseness

deny - denial

persuade - persuader - persuasion – persuasive

reveal - revelation

describe - description - descriptive

vita - vital- vitalism - vitality - vitalize – vitals

technology - technological

drama - dramatic - dramatist - dramatize - dramatization - dramaturgy

resolve – resolution

valid - validity