These sentences are not true. Correct them.

a) Rapport may be developed by offering malistic incentives.

b) The source can gain rapport by asking questions about his background.

c) Rapport can’t involve showing kindness and humanity. 

5. Complete the following sentences:

a) Rapport is established when…

b) The interrogator can gain…

c) If nonpertinent questions show…  

6. Give English equivalents for:

гуманность

заявление

захват, поимка

подготовительный этап

виновность

затруднительное положение 

заключённый

перемещение

подход

репатриация

Text 5

1. Translate these words and word-combinations:

 assess

 source

 establish rapport

 prisoner

 tentative

 scanty information

 personal observation   

 select approach

 avoid

 guide the conversation

 interrogation effort

 appear sincere

 good assessment

2. Read and translate the text:

Assess the Source. After having established control of the source and having established rapport, the interrogator continually assesses the prisoner to see if the approaches, and later the questioning techniques, chosen in the planning and preparation phase will indeed work. Remember that the approaches chosen in planning and preparation аге only tentative and аге based оп the sometimes scanty information available from documents, the guards, and personal observation. This may lead the interrogator to select approaches which may bе totally incorrect for obtaining this source's willing cooperation. А careful assessment of the source is absolutely necessary to avoid wasting valuable time in the approach phase. Make assessment bу asking background and nonpertinent questions which will indicate whether оr not the approaches chosen will bе effective. The questions сап bе mixed оr they сап bе separate. If, ·for example, the interrogator had chosen а love of comrades approach, he should ask the source questions like "How did you get along with your fellow squad members?" /f the source answers that they were all very close and worked well as а team, then the interrogator сап go right into his love of comrades approach and be reasonably sure of its success. However, if the source answers, "They all hated my guts and I couldn't stand any of them!," then the interrogator should abandon that approach and ask some quick non pertinent questions to give himself some time to work out a new approach.

Male Smooth Transitions. The interrogator must guide the conversation smoothly and logically, especially if he needs to move from one approach technique to another. "Poking and hoping" in the approach may alert the prisoner of ploys and will make the job more difficult. Tie ins to another approach can be made logically and smoothly by using transitional phrases. Logical tie ins can be made by the inclusion of simple sentences which connect the previously used approach with the basis for the next one. Transitions can also be smoothly covered by leaving the unsuccessful approach and going back to nonpertinent questions. By using non pertinent conversation, the interrogator can more easily move the conversation in the desired direction, and as previously stated, sometimes obtain leads and hints as to source's stresses or weaknesses or other approach strategies that may be more successful.

Be Sincere and Convincing. All professional interrogators must be convincing and appear sincere in working their approaches. If an interrogator is using argument and reason to get the source to cooperate, he must be convincing and appear sincere. All inferences of promises, situations, and arguments, or other invented material must be believable. What a source mayor may not believe depends on his level of knowledge, experience, and training. A good assessment of the source is the basis for the approach and is vital to the success of the interrogation effort. '

Recognize the Breaking Point. Every source hasa breaking point, but an interrogator never knows what it is until it has been reached. There are, however, some good indicators that the source is near his breaking point or has already reached it. For example, if during the approach, the source leans forward with his facial expression indicating an interest in the proposal or is more hesitant in his argument, he is probably nearing the breaking point. The interrogator must be alert and observant to recognize these signs in the approach phase. Once the interrogator determines that the source is breaking, he should interject a question pertinent to the objective of the interrogation. If the source answers it, the interrogator can move into the questioning phase. If the source does not answer or balks at answering it, the interrogator must realize that the source was not as close to the breaking point as was thought. In this case, the interrogator must continue with his approach or switch to an alternate approach or questioning technique and continue to work until he again feels that the source is near breaking. The interrogator can tell if the source has broken only by interjecting pertinent questions. This process must be followed until the prisoner begins to answer pertinent questions. It is entirely possible that the prisoner may cooperate for a while and then balk at answering further questions. If this occurs, the interrogator can either reinforce the approaches that initially gained the source's cooperation or move into a different approach before returning to the questioning phase of the interrogation. At this point, it is important to note that the amount of time that is spent with a particular source is dependent on several factors, that is, the battlefield situation, the expediency with which the supported commander's PIR and IR requirements need to be answered, and so forth.

3. Answer the following questions:

a) Does the interrogator assess the prisoner to see if questioning and techniques and preparation phase will indeed work?

b) How must the interrogator guide the conversation? 

c) Must all professional interrogators be convincing and appear sincere in working their approaches?  

These sentences are not true. Correct them.

a) A careful assessment of the source isn’t necessary to avoid wasting time.

b) The interrogator must guide the conversation rudely.

c) A good assessment of the source is the final part for the approach. 

5. Complete the following sentences:

a) Remember that the approaches…

b) If the source answers that…

c) The interrogator must quide…  

6. Give English equivalents for:

 установить контроль

 подготовительная фаза

 подход

 убеждение

 показатель

 обещание

 жизненный

 попытка допроса

 искренний

 предупреждать

Text 6

1. Translate these words and word-combinations:

approach techniques

 to be sluid

 waste

 imagination

 ruse

 deception

 to be violated

 futility

 cohesive

 ingenuity

 smooth transitions

 conviction

 failure

 incentive

2. Read and translate the text:

Approach Techniques

Interrogation approach techniques are usually performed by one interrogator working alone. However, sometimes interrogators work together. He must also remember that the tactical situation is very fluid and that the commander needs information in the shortest period of time. This means that the tactical interrogator has little time to waste. especially during the approach phase. Obviously, the more complicated an approach technique is, the more preparation time is required for it and its successful use. For this reason, the approach techniques discussed are those that take the least amount of time to produce the most usable information possible.

The number of approaches used is limited only by the interrogator's imagination and skill. Almost any ruse or deception is usable as long as the provisions of the Geneva Conventions are not violated. The Geneva Conventions do not permit an interrogator to pass himself off as a medic, chaplain, or as a member of the Red Cross (Red Crescent or Red Lion). To every approach technique, there are literally hundreds of possible variations, each of which can be developed for a specific situation or source. The variations are limited only by the interrogator's personality, experience, ingenuity, and imagination.

With the exception of the direct approach, no other approach is effective by itself. Interrogators use different approach techniques or combine them into a cohesive, logical technique. Smooth transitions, logic, sincerity, and conviction can almost always make a strategy work. The lack of will undoubtedly dooms it to failure. Some examples of combinations are-

· Direct/futility/incentive.

· Direct/futility/love of comrades.

· Direct/fear up (mild)/incentive.

The actual number of combinations is limited only by the interrogator's imagination and skill. Great care must be exercised by the interrogator in choosing the approach strategy in the planning and preparation phase of interrogation and in listening carefully to what the source is saying (verbally or nonverbally) for leads that the strategy chosen will not work. When this occurs, the interrogator must adapt himself to approaches that he now believes will work in gaining the source's cooperation.

3. Answer the following questions:

a) Are interrogation approach techniques usually performed by one interrogator?

b) Is the number of approach limited by the interrogator’s imagination and skill? 

c) In what way do interrogators use different approach techniques?