Some new words for the text.

reconstruct the happening – мысленно воссоздать происшедшее

involve – включать в себя

inquiry - расследование, исследование, дознание   

surround – окружать

commission – зд. совершение

successful – преуспевающий, успешный 

available – доступный, имеющийся в распоряжении

participate – участвовать

attribute – свойство, характерный признак

dedication – преданность, самоотверженность

courage – храбрость, смелость, отвага

competence – способность, умение, компетентность

kwonledgeable – хорошо осведомленный

fundamentals – основы

marksmanship – меткая стрельба

maintain – поддерживать, сохранять

usage – употребление

civic – гражданский

premises – помещение, дом

take picture of – сфотографировать

record – записывать, протоколировать

detail – входить в подробности

bring a charge – выдвигать обвинение

lack – 1. испытывать недостаток, не иметь, нуждаться

      2. недоставать ( не хватает ).

2. Read and translate the text:

Investigation of crime.

Criminal investigation is the keystone of the police service and in the structure of the detective function. Investigation means a search. It means a search for the truth, for the offender, for witnesses who help to reconstruct the happening and will present evidence of it in court. Criminal investigation is indispensable to learn whether an accident involves a crime and if so who is responsible. As for the police work the investigation is an inquiry into the facts surrounding the commission of the criminal offence, i.e. what it is, where it was, who the offender was, when, why and how he was committing the crime.

No successful investigation is available without participating highly professional policemen - patrol officers, detectives or investigators - who possess such attributes of the policeman's profession as dedication, courage, intelligence, competency, self-command, specialized investigative aptitudes and professional instinct, i.e. some sleuthing powers. To ferret out serious crimes and detect those who commit them a police officer should do his best in performing his job. He should be knowledgeable not only in theoretical fundamentals of law enforcement but he should also be skilled in such policeman's functions as marksmanship, driving a patrol car, communicating with the public. All that helps him in maintaining proper police/public relations and in his decision-making judgement.

Thus frustrating the efforts of professional criminals and quick and accurate solution of crime depend very much on proper special training, education and selection of police officers. It also depends on their skills in undercover work - laying an ambush and conducting surveillance, penetrating the underworld, work with the informants, their choosing, cultivating and usage. The informant is a person who gives the police officer confidential information about a crime as his civic responsibility and duty. A police officer operating in plain clothes often comes to know personally the offenders of the specific criminal specialty, their friends, their relatives and close associates and becomes familiar with salient features of their modus operandi.

    In case the investigating officer works at the crime scene he defines the crime quickly and examines the scene very carefully before he touches and disturbs anything. He takes active measures to detect the offender, that is to identify, locate and apprehend an evil- doer. He usually takes pictures of the scene and its objects and makes a plan on which he records the position of any trace. He collects and protects evidence, interviews witnesses and persons for discovery of stolen property and instruments of the crime. Then the investigator examines all the evidence to establish proof of guillt against the person responsible for a crime, and if so brings a charge against the suspect and presents the criminal case for the prosecuion in court.        

     No doubt quick and accurate crime investigation and solution catching, neutralizing and bringing the criminal to justice is essential. At the same time a very much more important and difficult thing is crime prevention. In order to function effectively in crime prevention the professional policeman establishes contact with the public and maintains positive attitudes about the citizets he serves. If understanding is lacking, then decisition-making judgements and general performance of the policeman in the field will be less effective. The better he understands the people, the better he manages to perform his duty.

3. Translate into Russian:

a) no confidential information, some efforts, his intelligence, their functions, this keystone, our decision-making judgement, her sleuthing powers, every plain-clothes man, a sleuth, frustrating their plans, an informant possessing information, my specialty, another close associate, such modus operandi, little common sense, our salient features, the very distinctive marks, the only instrument of a crime, any stolen property, no justice, his relative, any distinctive mark, that discovery, another search;

b) we do our best, she does her best, they function in these systems, it depends on our skills and intelligence, they combine many methods, he combines different principles, everyone possesses common sense, those who possess decision-making judgement, no efforts frustrating the plans, he manages to become familiar, I manage to come to know, we take some measures, the prosecutor brings the criminal to justice, the operative conducts search, discovery and seizure; they search stolen property, he searches instruments of a crime.

4. Read and translate into Russian paying attention to suffixes and prefixes in word-building:

responsible - responsibility

reconstruct - reconstruction - reconstructor - reconstructive

commit - commission - commissioner

offend - offender - offence - offensive

participate - participation - participant - participle

profess - professor - profession - professional - professionally - professionalism

dedicate - dedicated - dedication - dedicator

special - specialist - speciality - specialize - specialization - specialty - specially

perform - performance - performer - performing

know - knowledge - knowledgeable

theory - theoretical- theoretic - theorist - theorize

enforce - enforcement - enforcer

maintain - maintenance

judge - judgement

frustrate - frustration

solve - solution

person - personal- personally - personality - personnel

prosecute - prosecution - prosecutor

define - definite - definition - indefinite

care - careful- carefully - careless - carelessly

identify - identification - identity - identic(al)

locate - location

apprehend - apprehension

penetrate - penetration - penetrating

Read and translate into Russian the synonyms and antonyms.

Synonyms

aptitude - attribute

intelligence - mind

a plain-clothes man - a sleuth, a CID man, a detective

distinctive mark - salient feature

relation - attitude

criminal - offender, perpetrator, evil-doer

crime - offence

solution - decision

investigation - survey

confidential - secret

indispensable - necessary

skilled - able

not infrequently - often

combine - unite

operate - function, perform, do, carry out, exercise, fulfil

come to know - learn, find out, ferret out

cultivate - educate

participate - take part

take pictures of - photograph

maintain - keep

involve - include

become familiar - get acquainted

apprehend - arrest, detain, seize

Antonyms

overt - covert, undercover

commit - omit

reconstruct - destroy

commission - omission

protect - destroy

solution of a crime - commission of a crime

charge - rehabilitation, excuse, justification, acquittal