I. Read and translate in written form the following text.

Manufacturing technology is the technology of process control. Machines, human labor, and the organization of work control a manufacturing process. The new technology dictates changed in the natural and organization of manufacturing and in the machines.

The English system of manufacturing in the 18^th century when machine tools, such as lathes, were invented. Lathes could fabricate a variety of work pieces. The American system of manufacture emerged in mid 1800s.

The era of scientific management began in the late 1800s with the works of F.W. Taylor. He was a US mechanical engineer whose of manufacturing are known as Taylorism. He recognized that workers activities could be measured, analyzed, and controlled. Using a job analysis and time study, he determined a standard rate of output for each job. Next came the era of process improvement in the mid 20^th century. It was based on statistical process control (SPC). This statistical process control directed management’s attention away from the worker toward machines. Scientific management is concerned with manufacturing problems. SPC is concerned the dynamism of the process.

II. Give English equivalents of:

1) В середине 1800-х годов

2) Производить разнообразные детали

3) Эра научного менеджмента

4) Направлять внимание

5) Эра усовершенствования процесса

III. Give Russian equivalents of:

1) Human labor

2) Nature and organization of manufacturing

3) To emphasize precision and interchangeability of parts

4) The system originated in the late 1800s

5) To determine a standard

IV. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense:

1. I’ll tell you all our news when I ….. (see) you.

2. If the bus ….. (not come) soon, I’ll be late for school.

3. If there ….. (be) a fire, it will be put out by robots.

4. We ….. (go) skiing next winter if we have enough money.

5. He is coming to London tomorrow. He will phone you when he ….. (arrive).

V. Write Type 2 conditionals to match these situations:

1. He spends all his money gambling. He isn’t a wealthy man.

2. I haven’t got any spare time. I won’t learn English.

3. Jim works very hard. He has no time to spend with his family.

4. I have got a headache. I can’t go swimming.

5. We haven’t got a big house. We can’t invite friends to stay.

VI. Translate the given sentences. Mind the First, the Second and the Third Conditionals.

1. If he speaks more, he will improve his pronunciation.

2. We’ll buy you equipment if you make a discount.

3. If the manager is out, let me know, please.

4. He would have known what to do if I had met him then.

5. If the student had worked hard, he would have passed the exam.

VII. Translate the given sentences into English.

1. Чтобы они делали, если бы я вчера не одолжил им денег.

2. Она бы не отправила сына в школу, если бы знала, что он болен.

3. Если бы они пришли вчера на спектакль раньше, они бы смогли занять лучшие места.

4. Если ты хорошо попросишь брата, он отремонтирует твой велосипед.

5. Если ты поедешь в Австралию, тебе необходимо иметь визу.

VIII. Translate modal verbs or their equivalents into English.

1. You (должны) take a ticket when you get on a bus.

2. When we enter the University, we (сможем) to take books from its library.

3. He (может) listen to the radio in the evening.

4. I (должен был) to work hard to acquire knowledge.

5. She says that she (сможет) to translate this text in two days.

IX. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Mind the Modal Verbs.

1. You needn’t translate the text: it’s difficult.

2. I think my parents ought to help me.

3. Can he have refused to come?

4. Could you show me the way to the station?

5. He must be waiting for you now.

X. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Неужели она сейчас работает?

2. Она сказала, что не смогла присоединиться к нам, потому что болела.

3. Она не может брать мои вещи без разрешения.

4. Вам нельзя курить в этой комнате.

5. Почему ты был вынужден рассказать им об этом?

XI. Choose the proper form. Rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model: She said that they _________ in Oxford. a) lived b)lives c) will live

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Лондоне.

1. We asked them if they _____ some money to buy a house. (a) save; b) had saved; c) has saved)

2. The teacher told us _____ (a) listens to the text; b) will listen to the text; c) to listen to the text)

3. She said that she _____ her money for nothing. (a) spends; b) had spend; c) spend)

4. He promised that he _____ you up. (a) would ring; b) rings; c) will ring)

5. She said they _____ since six o’clock. (a) have been waiting; b) has been waiting; c) had been waiting)

XII. Turn from Direct speech into Reported speech.

1. Kate’s mother said: “What marks have you got at school?”

2. “Remember the warning! Don’t play with fire!” said the man.

3. She asked: “How long have you been translating the article?”

4. “Have you ever been to the USA?” they said to me.

5. “My friend doesn’t like this film”, he said.

XIII. Rewrite the following sentences in Direct speech.

1. My friend asked me if he could borrow my car.

2. Peter said he had learned the rule and he was doing the exercise.

3. She asked Tom where he had left his umbrella.

4. Michael said he had been to Rio twice.

5. His friend told him that he didn’t think he could help.

XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Я спросил, какой язык они изучают и разговаривают ли они на итальянском.

2. Мой брат попросил меня помыть его машину.

3. Они попросили ее не рассказывать правду об этом случае.

4. Он сказал, что хочет пить и попросил принести сок.

5. Я спросил его, давно ли он работает на этом заводе.