Translate the following text  into English.

Компоненти електронної техніки поділяються на активні і пасивні. Активні елементи здатні посилювати, обробляти і перетворювати сигнали. Пасивні – накопичувати або витрачати енергію сигналу.

Елемент електричної схеми, що має певне функціональне призначення і має висновки для з'єднання з іншими елементами, називається деталлю радіоелектронного пристрою.

За допомогою цих приладів можна порівняно просто і в багатьох випадках з високим ККД, перетворити електричну енергію за формою, величиною і частотою струму або напруги. Крім того, за допомогою електронних приладів, вдається перетворити неелектричну енергію в електричну і навпаки (фотоелементи, терморезистори, п'єзоелементи і т.д.). Різноманітні електронні датчики та вимірювальні прилади дозволяють з високою точністю вимірювати, реєструвати та регулювати зміну різноманітних неелектричних величин – температури, тиску, деформації, прозорості і т.д.

Основними компонентами електронної техніки є: резистори, конденсатори, котушки індуктивності та дроселі, трансформатори, комутаційні пристрої, електровакуумні прилади, прилади відображення інформації, напівпровідникові прилади, акустичні прилади, антени, п'єзоелектричні прилади, лінії затримки, джерела струму, запобіжники і розрядники, електродвигуни, лампи розжарювання, елементи цифрової техніки, елементи аналогової техніки, проводи, кабелі, хвилеводи.

12. Write summary to the text Understanding Electronics: Basic Components.

Speak on the basiс characteristics of electronic components.

Unit 8

MODERN ELECTRONICS

Lead-in

· How have electronic devices changed since past centuries?

· What knew branches have appeared?

· What modern scientists in your field do you know?

 1.  Practice pronunciation of the following words and underline the stressed syllable. Translate the words into Ukrainian.

Growth, utilize, fundamental, society, function, revamped, availability, processes, revolutionized, manufacturing, reliability, digitalization, techniques, alter, ultrahigh, fiber, transformative, fewer, throughout.

 2.   Memorize the following words and word combinations.

 3.  Read the text. Find words and phrases that describe changes in modern electronics.

MODERN ELECTRONICS

I

The rapid growth of modern electronics is truly a phenomenon. All of the things you see in the marketplace today that utilize electronics either did not exist before 1960, or were crude by today’s standards. The use of electronic devices has now become a fundamental requirement for society to function. Some of the many examples of modern electronics in the home include computers (desktop, laptops and servers), monitors, televisions, printers, scanner/fax/copy machines, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, medical devices and electronics used in automobiles. Many industries have been founded, and older industries have been revamped, because of the availability and application of modern electronics in manufacturing processes, as well as in electronics products themselves.

Modern electronics isbased on the transistor and its offspring – the integrated circuit and the microprocessor. These have short-circuited much of traditional electronic theory, revolutionized its practice, and set the whole field off on several new paths of discovery. The development of integrated circuits has revolutionized the fields of communications, information handling, and computing. Integrated circuits reduce the size of devices and lower manufacturing and system costs, while at the same time providing high speed and increased reliability.

Other developments include the digitalization of audio signals, where the frequency and amplitude of an audio signal are coded digitally by appropriate sampling techniques, that is, techniques for measuring the amplitude of the signal at very short intervals. Digitally recorded music shows fidelity that is not possible using direct-recording methods.

Digital playback devices of this nature have already entered the home market. Digital storage could also form the basis of home video systems and may significantly alter library storage systems, because much more information can be stored on a disk for replay on a television screen than can be contained in a book.

II

Medical electronics has progressed from computerized axial tomography and computerized tomography scanners to systems that can discriminate more and more of the organs of the human body. Devices that can view blood vessels and the respiratory system have been developed as well. Ultrahigh definition television also promises to substitute for many photographic processes, because it eliminates the need for silver.

Today's research to increase the speed and capacity of computers concentrates mainly on the improvement of integrated circuit technology and the development of even faster switching components.

Very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits that contain several hundred thousand components on a single chip have been developed. Very-high-speed computers are being developed in which semiconductors may be replaced by superconducting circuits using Josephson junctions and operating at temperatures near absolute zero.

New electronic component technologies with advanced capabilities and features are enabling the development of smaller, faster and more compact devices. Significant new components include low-power parts, real-time digital signal processors (DSP), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control and fiber optics. Also, advanced technologies such as wireless, GPS, Smartphone and machine-to-machine interface are having a transformative impact on most industries. New low-power components combined with new circuitry and battery technology enable enhanced development of innovative handheld and portable devices. These component and system improvements extend battery life, reduce product size, lower costs, increase safety and require fewer battery changes throughout the lifetime of a device.

 4.  Answer the following questions.

Exercises

 1.  Find in the text ending with “-ize”. Form more verbs by adding suffix “-ize”, translate them.

Computer, final, national, winter, modern, central, organ, theory, digit, author, apology, character, general, hospital, individual, material, memory, summary, visual.

 2. Translate the following word combinations. Make up your own sentences.

energy-storage device, parallel-plate capacitor, direct-recording, very-large-scale IC, very-high-speed computer, machine-to-machine interface, a never-to-be-forgotten experience, all-day breakfast, day-to-day routine, well-to-do person, well-thought-out program, must-be, must-have, must-read, must-seeб real-time.

 3. Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian.

Crude, personal digital assistants, availability, information handling, traditional electronic theory, increased reliability, sampling techniques, significantly alter, ultrahigh definition television, superconducting circuits, transformative impact

 4. Translate the following word combinations into English. Make up your own sentences.

Сучасна електроніка, процесор обробки цифрових сигналів у реальному часі, стандарти сьогодення, подовжувати час роботи батареї, виробничий процес, підвищувати безпеку, докорінно змінити галузь, обробка інформації, бути вимогою для суспільства, зменшувати розмір, оцифрування аудіо сигналів, частота та амплітуда, пристрої цифрового програвання, надвелика інтегральна схема, робота при температурі, покращені характеристики, зменшувати розмір виробу, знижувати витрати.

 5.  Agree or disagree with the statements. Use the introductory phrases below.

 Right you are; Quite so; Absolutely correct; I quite agree that; I think it’s right that; I’m afraid it’s wrong; I don’t quite agree to it; On the contrary; Far from it.

1. Modern electronics isbased on the transistor and its offspring – the integrated circuit and the diode.

2. Integrated circuits reduce the size of devices and higher manufacturing and system costs, while at the same time providing high speed and increased reliability.

3. New electronic component technologies with advanced capabilities and features are enabling the development of smaller, faster and more compact devices.

4. Many industries have been founded, and older industries have been improved, because of the availability and application of modern electronics in manufacturing processes, as well as in electronics products themselves.

5. Digital storage could also form the basis of home video systems and may significantly adapt library storage systems, because much more information can’t be stored on a disk.

6. New low-power components combined with new circuitry and battery technology enable enhanced development of innovative handheld and portable devices.

7. Ultrahigh definition television also won’t substitute for many photographic processes, because it eliminates the need for silver.

 6.  Write the most appropriate ending to the following sentences.

1. If our colleague comes to the meeting, ….. .

2. As soon as the company increases the cost, ….. .

3. Unless you work harder, ….. .

4. Before the engineers develop a new model, ….. .

5. After professor gives a detailed description, ….. .

6. When the the system performs badly, ….. .

7. As soon as the device is advanced significantly, ….. .

8. Unless new components are produced, ….. .

9. Before you install the program, ….. .

10. If you follow the advice, ….. .

 7. Match the columns A and B, froming Conditional sentences (Type II).

 8. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct form of Conditional Type I and II. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. If programmers ….. (use) licensed software, they won’t violate the law.

2. Portable devices would be sold better if they ….. (cost) less money.

3. If you don't get nervous before the exam, you ….. (not have) any problems.

4. If these components and system …..  (improve), it would extend battery life.

5. If your groupmate ….. (play) truant, he'd have better examination results.

6. If he is still ill tomorrow, he ….. (not play) take part in the competition.

7. If you ….. (fail) this experiment, what will you do?

8. If the manufacturing cost increases, what ….. (you/do)?

9. If you ….. (win) the research grant, what would you do?

10. If you could choose subjects, what ….. (you/choose)?

 9. What careers in electronics do you know? Using the model below, write what would you do if you worked as: 

• an electrical test engineer • an electrical-design engineer • an electrical-research engineer • an integrated circuit layout designer • a printed circuit designer • an electronic drafter • a computer-aided design technician

Model: If I were an electrical engineer, I would design new and better electronics, test equipment and solve related problems.

 10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. На вашому місці я б краще підготувався до заняття.

2. Якщо результати експерименту задовольнять наші умови, ми зможемо продовжити дослідження.

3. Якщо містер Стівенсон матиме більше вільного часу, він проведе декілька практичних занять з питань нанотехнологій. 

4. На твоєму місці я б почала шукати роботу.

5. Якби я був відповідальним за розподіл коштів, я б більше грошей виділив на оснащення лабораторій.

6. Як тільки розпочнеться зустріч, питання стосовно вашого приладу буде обговорено.

7. Якби ми мали більше практичних навичок, ми б змогли провести це дослідження самостійно.

8. На місці Джейка я б поводився ввічливіше з викладачем.

9. Якби ви більше часу приділяли навчанню, ви б досягли кращих результатів.

10. Коли презентація буде готова, ми запросимо вас на перегляд.

11. Якщо ми матимемо час, ми візьмемо участь в обох семінарах.

12. Якби ти отримав грант, на що б ти його витратив?