Have another look at the text and...

Упражнение № 5. Speak about economics.  

Упражнение № 6. Read the following text and try to understand it.

Microeconomics and macroeconomics

Economics as a science consists of two disciplines that is of mi­croeconomics and macroeconomics.

Microeconomicsis the branch of economics that studies individual producers, consumers, or markets. Microeconomics also studies how government activities such as regulations and taxes affect individual mar­kets. Besides microeconomics tries to understand what factors affect the prices, wages and earnings.

Macroeconomicsis the branch of economics that studies the economy as a whole. It tries to understand the picture as a whole rather than small parts of it. In particular, it studies the overall values of output, of un­employment and of inflation.

Do you know these words?

Упражнение № 7.  Write the verbs from which these nouns are formed and translate them:

 Have another look at the text and...

Упражнение № 8. Translate the definitions of each term into Russian.

Упражнение № 9. Repeat what the text says about:

1) microeconomics, 2) macroeconomics.

Урок 3. Товары и продажи

Тема для УР:  Розничная и оптовая торговля.

Грамматика:  1) настоящее продолженное время,

             2) артикли,

             3) оборотin doing so.

Newspaper item: The Times pulls even further ahead

The Times is the most successful national newspaper in Britain. Average daily sales have risen by more than 120,000 since the week­day price was reduced to 30p in September, an increase of 26 per cent in six months.

Sales in January were up by 16,000 compared with December. That success continued last month, when sales increased by another 12,500 – against a drop of 18,000 for the Daily Telegraph.

The Times is now 63,000 ahead of The Guardian and 175,000 ahead of The Independent, which now sells fewer copies than any other national daily and was overtaken last month by the Finan­cial Times.

At 40p on Saturdays, 30p less than the Daily Telegraph, The Times is the best value, with the best writing, of any quality paper.

Do you know these words?

Grammar Revision: The Present Perfect Tense(Read Grammar appendix: Lesson 3)

Упражнение № 1. Translate into Russian:

1) We have studied two lessons. 2) Have you read today's papers? 3) Have you ever read the Financial Times'! 4)The sales have increased significantly this year. 5)  The sales have gone up for the last few years. 6) Average weekly sales of this magazine have dropped dramatically. 7) The production has been up since the very beginning of this year.

Упражнение № 2. Make the following sentences passive, like this:

We have discussed two problems. Two problems have been discussed.

Упражнение № 3. Translate into English:

Это последняя модель. Она разработана в прошлом году. В этом году продажи не увеличились.

– В последнее время спрос на этот товар значительно вырос.

– А цены снизились?

– Цены, к сожалению, не снизились.

Вы видели диаграмму ВНП России за последние три года? В экономике страны произошли определенные позитивные изменения.

Have another look at the newspaper item and...

Упражнение № 4.  Write out all the sentences which testify to the success of The Times.

Упражнение № 5. Divide each complex and compound sentence into simple ones.

Упражнение № 6.  Translate the longest simple sentence into Russian.

Упражнение № 7.  Read the following text and try to understand it.

Retailers and wholesalers

All the firms can be grouped into wholesalers and retailers. The figure below shows how they fit into the various stages in the produc­tion of chocolate.

The wholesaler buys goods in bulk from producers and sells them in small quantities to retailers. In doing so he helps production, relieves manu­facturers and retailers of the risk of a fall in demand, e.g. fashion changes. The holding of stocks is in itself a valuable economic function evening out prices resulting from temporary changes in demand and supply.

Do you know these words? 

Упражнение № 8.  Read these groups of words and translate them into Russian:

to sell – seller – sale – sales – salesman,

wholesale – wholesales – wholesale business – wholesale price – wholesale ealer – wholesaler,

retail business – retail price – retail dealer.

Упражнение № 9. Combine two sentences using and in doing so, as in the ex­ample:

The wholesaler buys goods in bulk. It helps production. →

The wholesaler buys goods in bulk and in doingso he helps production.

1) The wholesaler buys goods in bulk. It relieves the manufacturer of various risks.

2) The wholesaler sells goods in small quantities to retailers. It helps retail business.

3) The wholesaler sells goods in small quantities to retailers. It re­lieves the retailer of various risks.

Have another look at the text and...

Упражнение № 10. Write down a few short sentences defining the term whole­saler and translate them into Russian.

Упражнение № 11. Compare your definition with the following one:

Wholesalers – intermediaries between producers and retailers. The main functions of wholesalers are breaking bulk (buying in large packages and selling in smaller ones), warehousing, delivery, and the provision of credit.

Урок 4. Люди и экономика

Тема для УР:  Экономика и экономисты.

Грамматика:  1) прошедшее продолженное время,

             2) прошедшее совершенное время,

             3) формы на –ing,

             4) использование too и either.