Russian Railways in Transport Systems

Russian railways have always played a significant role in the development of transport and industry. A place without a nearby station was doomed to recessionand poverty.

Railway building in Russia began with the development of the mining industry. The first railway using steam traction was put into operation at the Nizhni Tagilmetallurgicalworks. The longest Trans-Siberiansingle rail line from Moscow to Vladivostok opened large areas of Siberia to settlement and industrialisation.

In the Soviet period the railways were dramatically improved. During the Great Patriotic War they played a key role in transporting military personnel, equipment and freight. When the war was over the Soviet railway network was rebuilt and further expanded. After the collapse of the Soviet Union its railway system broke up into several national railway systems.

Nowadays Russia is reconstructing its transport system. Thus, in response to increasing needs of the country, joint stock company Russian Railways was established. JSC Russian Railways is the state-owned railway company of vital strategic importance. It is the largest owner and operator of the freight rolling stock and passenger service assets. It has the largest locomotive fleet in Europe. The company’s assets include depots, stations, switching facilities and dispatch centres.

Modern railways are transcontinental and provide international pass of passenger and freight service for two continents. Russian railways are successfully integrating into European transport infrastructure. They cooperate with European railways and have common routes with different states. The new high speed luxury Sapsan trains between Moscow and St. Petersburg are the pride of the country. Russian railways are developing a tourist route network to offer a lot of exciting sightseeing tours throughout the country. They are also working on attracting business to the East-West Eurasian corridor including the Trans-Siberian railway line.

Определите основную идею текста и запишите ее на английском языке.

Необходимо ли дополнить текст вводными словами (средствами связности)? Какими?

Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Перефразируйте их.

- Railway building in Russia began with the development of the mining industry.

- The Trans-Siberian railway opened large areas of Siberia to settlement and industrialisation.

- In the Soviet period railways were further expanded.

- In 1992 the Soviet Union railway system broke up into national railways.

- JSC Russian Railways is the state-owned railway company of vital importance.

- Nowadays Russian railways are successfully integrating into European transport infrastructure.

- The new high speed luxury Sapsan trains are the pride of the country.

Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Отец и сын Черепановы построили в Нижнем Тагиле первую в России паровую железную дорогу. 2. Советские железные дороги играли большую роль во время Великой Отечественной Войны. 3. Государство владеет акциями ОАО Российские железные дороги. 4. Россия обладает самым большим локомотивным парком в Европе. 5. Поезда Сапсан являются гордостью нашей страны.

Выберите правильный вариант перевода следующих слов на английский язык.

1. построенный – builder, building, buildup, build, built

2. оперативный – operation, operating, operative, operate, operated

3. основание – foundation, founder, founding, found

Образуйте новые слова от данных слов и переведите их.

1. develop      2. contain        3. power

Допишите предложения, открыв скобки.

1. We usually ....... (to consider) railway transport to be eco-friendly. 2. The series of measures ......... (to reduce) release of harmful substances to the atmosphere two years ago. 3. The railway transport authorities .........(to hold)  alreadynumerous conferences for discussing environmental problems. 4.Russian railways ........(to introduce)  a high-speed service on the route between St. Petersburg and Helsinki several years ago. 5. The engineers ......... (to complete) the loco tests by the end of the last week. 6. The early trains ...... (to have)nobrakes. 7. The rail network of Russia ...... (to comprise)17 railways.

Прочитайте текст второй раз и ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Why were railways important for Russia? Are they important now?

2. What places were doomed to recession and poverty?

3. When did railway construction in Russia begin?

4. Which single rail line is the longest in Russia?

5. When was the railway network rebuilt and further expanded?

6. What type of company is Russian Railways?

7. What do Russian railways provide for Europe and Asia?

8. Which company is the largest owner and operator of the freight rolling stock and passenger service assets?

9. What do the company’s assets include?

10. What are the main achievements of Russian railways?

Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте краткое сообщение по данной теме.             

Unit III. JSC Russian Railways

Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.

shareholder – акционер

annually – ежегодно

switching – переключение

suburban – пригородный

comply with – соответствовать (чему-либо)

2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания и их перевод:

freight traffic volume – объем грузоперевозок

freight turnover – грузооборот

international transport corridor – международный транспортный коридор

railway network – сеть железных дорог

national freight turnover – грузооборот в национальном масштабе

wheel pairs – колесные пары

to implement simplified border control – внедрить упрощение пограничного контроля

border and customs procedures – порядок пограничного таможенного досмотра

market position – положение на рынке

CIS and Baltic countries – страны СНГ и Балтии

Прочитайте и переведите следующие группы слов и словосочетания.

- to found, to be founded, founder, foundation;

- share, to share, shareholder;

- to provide, provided, providing, provider;

- market, market economy, marketing, marketing tool, market position;

- to employ, employee, employer, employment, unemployment, unemployed;

- to improve, improvement, improved;

- to develop, developing, development;

- strength, to strengthen;

- to equip, equipped, unequipped, equipment;

- annual, annually.

Прочитайте пары глаголов, переведите их. Являются ли глаголы в каждой паре антонимами или синонимами?

to achieve – to reach, to employ – to hire, to speed up – to slow down, to agree – to disagree, to allow – to forbid, to carry – to transport

Найдите антонимы в данной цепочке слов.

First, start, low, last, rich, finish, high, safety, difficult, poor, easy, danger.

Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно перевести без словаря?

Organization, ton, to coordinate, transportation, million, container, integration, subprogram, technology.