Task 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning.    

Branch, to alter, to begin, field, to be concerned with, to start, to deal with.

Task 4.Find the pairs of antonyms and remember them:

         a lot of        dead

    important   inorganic

    breathe       after

    before         little

       living         with

     organic      breathe in

     without      important

     live            to give

     water         land

     to take       die

Task 5.Put the proper name into the sentences:

1. Plants and animals are organic…

2. On the … plants make one third.

3. The Sun gives … for this process.

4. Plants protect … from the wind.

5. Trees give off a lot of … into the air.

          oxygen, Earth, nature, energy, soil

Task 6. Give the Past Indefinite Tense of the following verbs:

to be, to live,

o give, to have, to protect, to keep, to use, to make,

to combine.

Task 7. Read the text. Find sentences with the following word

     combinations and give the Kazakh (Russian) equivalents.

1. organic nature

2. to make one third

3. organic matter

4. to live without plants

5. this natural process

6. to play a very important part

7. a lot of oxygen

8. to give off oxygen

Task 8. Answer the questions on the text.

         1. Are plants and animals organic nature?

    2. What does the Sun give for the natural process?

3. What do plants use?            

    4. What do man and animals breathe in?

     5. What do plants protect from the wind?

Task 9. Complete the sentences.   

1. Plants and animals are … … .

2. The Sun gives … for the natural process.

3. Plants use … and make their food.

4. Plants protect … from the wind and keep water in the soil.

5. Trees give off a lot of … into the air.

Task 10. Make a short summary of the text. Use the following word -    

   combinations:

        organic nature

    the natural process

    to use sunlight

    special living things

    plants and animals

    a lot of oxygen

    to protect the soil

Text “Improvement of plants”

     Crop plants have not always been as productive and useful as they are today. Long ago they were growing wild.

Gradually, man discovered that certain plants were more useful to him, and that if he gathered only the best seeds for planting and used certain cultural practices, he could get better yields. This method of developing better plants is said to continue for many centuries.

As civilization progressed, man began studying plants more carefully. He discovered many of the new functions of plants, their structure and requirements for growth. Soon plant science appeared and great progress in the improvement and growing of plants followed.

Compared to the long history of plants on the Earth the plant breeders have improved plants for only a short time, but this short period they have contributed much to agriculture.  

The aim of the plant breeder is to combine the most important characteristics in one variety. The characteristics are known to vary with the crop and the conditions under which it is to be grown.

Selection is a simple bur important method of improving plants. This method consists of selecting the best types with most important characteristics for a given area. In some are a early maturing varieties are needed, while in others later maturing varieties will do best. By selecting the best types, man is able to bring about improvements in a few years that would require thousands of years if left to nature.

Task1. Read the international words and guess their meaning.

productive

civilization

method

function

history

period

agriculture

characteristics

type

 structure 

Task 2. Write the following nouns in plural:

  plant, method, function, condition, variety, type, year, century, period.

Task 3. Form the adjectives from the following nouns:

product, structure, progress, method, type, condition.

Task 4. Find the pairs of synonyms and remember them:

several, to discover, to bring, to gather, to find, to select, to give, some.

Task 5. Find pairs of antonyms and remember them:

  long                             complex

new                             useless

progressive                 to disappear

useful                          careless

simple                         regressive

to give                         short

carefully                      old

 to appear                             to take

Task 6. Give the Past Indefinite of the following verbs:           

 to be, to have , to get, to say, to begin, to appear, to combine, to bring, to     

 gather, to discover, to give.

 to combine.

Task 7. Read the text. Find sentences with the following word

     combinations and give the Kazakh (Russian) equivalents.

1. useful plants

2. the best seeds

3. cultural practices

4. the method of developing

5. new functions

6. great progress in the improvement

7. the aim of the plant breeder

8. selecting the best types  

Task 8. Answer the questions on the text.

         1. Were the plants growing wild?

    2. What is the method of developing?

3. What is the aim of the plant breeder?            

    4. What is selection?

      5. What does this method consist of?

Task 9. Complete the sentences.   

1. Man discovered that….

2. Man discovered many of the new functions of plants…

3. The aim of the plant breeder is ….

4. Selection is …

5. This method consists of ….

Task 10. Make a short summary of the text. Use the following word -

   combinations:

        useful plants

    new functions

    great progress

    the plant breeder

    important method

    maturing varieties

Text “A tree in a city”

     Tree is a very large and very old plant. Man knew trees and used them long ago. We read about trees in very old legends, Russian and foreign. Many thousands years ago man thought that there was a tree in the center of the Earth. Trees make a garden, park, a forest. Trees are very important for life and health, because they are producers of oxygen: Without trees the ecology of the earth will have no balance. Trees give timber for our industry, agriculture and our home life. They protect the fields from wind and keep water and soil in them. Trees also give protection for animals. Man gets comfort and beauty from trees. They give harmony to cities, towns and villages.

     What is a tree? A tree is a high woody plant. It takes water and minerals from the soil and transports them to the leaves. Here with the help of sunlight and carbon dioxide, which man and animals breathe out into the air, the tree, the tree makes its food.

     In cities with their large population and many industries, the air is not good. It is necessary to have many trees in a city to make its air good for man. But it is difficult for a tree to grow in a city, because it wants water, soil and light for its life. Water effects the form, growth and structure of the tree, but it is difficult to give enough water to the trees in city streets. Each tree species wants its special soil, but in a city, there are no different soils for each tree. High buildings in the city do not let trees have enough sunlight.

     When man plants trees in the city, he thinks: “Will this or that tree live in this or that street or this or that part of the city? Will it be comfortable for it here?”

Task 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning.    

  Legend, balance, industry, agriculture, comfort, transport, form, harmony,     

minerals, special, structure.

Task 2. Write the following nouns in plural:

tree, plant, mineral, industry, leaf, man, building, soil, animal.

Task 3. Form the adjectives from the following nouns:

importance, agriculture, industry, difference, structure, product, comfort.

Task 4. Find pairs of antonyms and remember them:

large                           uncomfortable

long                            little    

to get                          bad

to take                             small 

  good                           old

that                             to give

many                          short

comfortable                 this

  new

 Task 5. Find the pairs of synonyms and remember them:

    art, to get, to make, city, to think, to take, to do, town, form.

Task 6. Give the Past Indefinite Tense of the following verbs:

to be, to knew, to have, to get, to give, to make, to think, to live, to take,

to do

   Task 7. Read the text. Find sentences with the following word

     combinations and give the Kazakh (Russian) equivalents.

1. old plant

2. the ecology of earth

3. to give harmony

4. high woody plant

5. to grow in a city

6. different soils

7. to have many trees  

 Task 8. Answer the questions on the text.

         1. What do trees give for our industry?

    2. Do they protect the fields from wind?

    3. What is a tree?              

    4. Why is it necessary to have many trees in a city?

Task 9. Complete the sentences.   

1. A tree is …

2. Trees make a garden ….

3. Trees are very important for …

4. A tree takes … and … from the … and transports them to the … .

5. It is difficult to have many trees in a city … .