VII. Make up your own sentences using the words from the vocabulary of the text.

VIII. Retell the information of the text.

TEXT II

Steam shovel

Fig. 6.2.Steam shovel

I. Read and translate the text using the words given below:

A steam shovel (Fig.6.2) is a large steam-powered excavating machine designed for lifting and moving material such as rock and soil. It is the earliest type of power shovel or excavator. They played a major role in public works in the 19th and early 20th century, being key to the construction of railroads and the Panama Canal. The development of simpler, cheaper diesel-powered shovels caused steam shovels to fall out of use in the 1930s.

A steam shovel comprises:

a bucket

boom and 'dipper stick'

boiler

water tank and coal bunker

steam engines and winches

operator's controls

a rotating platform on a truck, on which everything is mounted

wheels (or sometimes caterpillar tracks or railroad wheels)

a house (on the platform) to contain and protect 'the works'

The shovel has several individual operations: it can raise or luff the boom, rotate the house, or extend the dipper stick with the boom or crowd engine, and raise or lower the dipper stick.

When digging at a rock face, the operator simultaneously raises and extends the dipper stick to fill the bucket with material. When the bucket is full, the shovel is rotated to load a railway car or motor truck. The locking pin on the bucket flap is released and the load drops away. The operator lowers the dipper stick, the bucket mouth self-closes, the pin relocks automatically and the process repeats.

Steam shovels usually had a three-man crew: engineer, fireman and ground man. There was much jockeying to do to move shovels: rails and timber blocks to move; cables and block purchases to attach; chains and slings to rig; and so on. On soft ground, shovels used timber mats to help steady and level the ground. The early models were not self-propelled; rather they would use the boom to maneuver themselves.

II. Learn the vocabulary to the text:

steam shovel экскаватор

lifting -поднятие

moving – перемещение

power shovel = excavator

to fall out of use –перестатьиспользоваться

abucket - ковш, черпак (экскаватора и т. п.)

boom - стрела, вылет (крана) ; укосина

dipperstick -  рукоять ковша (экскаватора

boiler - (паровой) котел, бойлер

watertank - бак для воды

coalbunker - угольный бункер

winch – лебедка

arotatingplatform – вращающаясяплатформа

caterpillartrack – гусеничныйтрак

railroadwheels – рельсовое передвижения

luff - 1) изменять вылет или угол наклона стрелы (крана)

2) перемещать груз в горизонтальном направлении (краном)

crowd - давить, толкать

rockface 1) защитная каменная наброска

 2) поверхность камня с бугристой фактурой (со следами обработки инструментом)

to fill the bucket with material – зачерпнутьковшомгрунт

to load - погрузить

pin - штифт, болт, шкворень, ось, цапфа, шейка, чека, шплинт

bucketflap - дно или крышка ковша (экскаватора)

bucketmouth – отверстие ковша

three-mancrew – бригада из 3 человек

III. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations:

горная порода, почва, играть важную роль в, строительство железных дорог, спроектированный, маневрировать, экскаватор на паровом двигателе, кочегар, оператор или механик (обслуживает работу того или иного агрегата), одновременно, выдвигать (стрелу), опускать (стрелу), копая каменную поверхность, стрела или рукоять (ковша), выйти из употребления, всевозможные действия для движения экскаватора, вагон, грузовик, Панамский канал,гусеничный трак

IV. Give the Russian equivalents to the following word combinations, paying attention to the usage of the Infinitive:

much jockeying to do; to move shovels; rails and timber blocks to move; cables and block purchases to attach; chains and slings to rig; to help steady and level the ground; to maneuver themselves; to fall out of use in the 1930s.

V. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:

1. What is a steam shovel?

2. When did this type of shovel fall out of use and why?

3. What are the main parts of a steam shovel?

4. What operations does a steam shovel have?

5. Try to explain the process of steam shovel operation?

6. What was the crew and what should they do to move shovels?

VI. Translate the sentences paying attention to the usage of the Participle:

1. We used parts welded from two pieces.

2. The electrodes being used were not of good quality.

3. Spectography is a reliable method being used in materials testing.

4. When used, this method gives the best results.

VII. In each sentence only one of the three answers is correct. Choose the correct answer:

My son likes …. books.

a) reading; b) read; c) having read;

1. It is necessary for you... the truth.

a) to know; b) knew; c) know;

1. He seems … something.

a) write; b) writing; c) to be writing;

1. I can't … to the party.

a) to go; b) go; c) have gone;

1. She wanted … a job there.

a) find; b) finding; c) to find;

1. Don't let the child … with a knife.

a) to play; b) play; c) playing;

1. He finished … and down.

a) speak; b) speaking; c) to speak;

1. She is looking forward to … a new book.

a) get; b) be getting; c) getting.

1. What makes you … so?

a) to think; b) thinking; c) think.

1. The film is worth … .

1.to see; b) see; c) seeing.

VIII. Retell the information of the text “Steam shovel”.

TEXT III

Power Shovel

Fig. 6.3Power Shovel

I. Read and translate the text using the words given below:

A power shovel (also stripping shovel or front shovel or electric mining shovel) is a bucket-equipped machine, usually electrically powered, used for digging and loading earth or fragmented rock and for mineral extraction (Fig. 6.3).

Shovels normally consist of a revolving deck with a power plant, driving and controlling mechanisms, usually a counterweight, and a front attachment, such as a boom or crane which supports a handle with a digger at the end. The machinery is mounted on a base platform with tracks or wheels. The bucket is also known as the dipper. Modern bucket capacities range from 8 m3 to nearly 80 m3.

Power shovels are used principally for excavation and removal of overburden in open-cut mining operations, though it may include loading of minerals, such as coal. They are the modern equivalent of steam shovels, and operate in a similar fashion.

The shovel operates using several main motions:

hoist - pulling the bucket up through the bank (i.e. the bank of material being dug)

crowd - moving the dipper handle out or in to control the depth of cut and when positioning to dump

swing - rotating the shovel between digging and dumping

propel - moving the shovel unit to different locations or dig positions

A shovel's work cycle, or digging cycle, consists of four phases:

digging

swinging

dumping

returning

The digging phase consists of crowding the dipper into the bank, hoisting the dipper to fill it, then retracting the full dipper from the bank. The swinging phase occurs once the dipper is clear of the bank both vertically and horizontally. The operator controls the dipper through a planned swing path and dump height until it is suitably positioned over the haul unit (e.g. truck). Dumping involves opening the dipper door to dump the load, while maintaining the correct dump height. Returning is when the dipper swings back to the bank, and involves lowering the dipper into the tuck position to close the dipper door.

II. Learn the vocabulary to the text:

power shovel – одноковшовыйэкскаватор

stripping shovel – вскрышнойодноковшовыйэкскаватор

frontshovel - экскаватор с передней прямой лопатой

miningshovel - добычной одноковшовый экскаватор

electricallypowered – работающий от электричества

dig - выкапывать, извлекать из земли

load – грузить, погрузить

mineralextraction – добыча минералов

revolvingdeck – поворачивающая платформа

counterweight - противовес

dipper - ковш, тип землечерпалки

capacity - мощность, нагрузка, вместимость, производительность; пропускная способность

overburden – верхний слой породы

hoist – подъём

crowd - рабочий ход (ковша экскаватора)

todumpопрокидывать; сбрасывать

swing – поворот (ковша)

propel - приводить в движение,

retract - отводить; перемещать назад

dumpheight - высота разгрузки, высота опрокидывания (ковша погрузчика)

haul unit – средствоперевозкигрузов

III. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations:

кран, механизмы управления и движения, стрела, электростанция, состоять из, приспособление впереди, рукоять с ковшом, гусеничный трак, установлен на основной платформе, открытый способ разработки горных пород, работать таким же способом, вертикально, горизонтально, точно установлен, сброс груза, поддержание точной высоты сброса, первоначальное состояние ковша (в сборке),

IV. Chose the right variant of the definition to the following words:

1) swing    а) pulling the bucket up through the bank (i.e. the bank of material being dug)

2) propelб) moving the dipper handle out or in to control the depth of cut and when positioning to dump

3) hoistв) rotating the shovel between digging and dumping

4) crowdг) moving the shovel unit to different locations or dig positions