Задание 4. Соедините каждое подходящее утверждение из колонки А с колонкой В. Затем опишите их функцию.

Task  5. With the help of the Glossary if necessary, describe the functions of these items.

Задание 5. С помощью Глоссария опишите функции данных слов.

Scanner

Printer

ATM

PDA

Hard disk drive

Supercomputer

Mainframe computer

Barcodes

Swipe cards

Memory

LESSON 5

Types of Automation

Task  1. Read and translate the text:

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Manufacturing is one of the most important application areas for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.

1. Fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automation» refers to automated machines in which the equipment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations. These machines are programmed by their design to make only certain processing operations. They are not easily changed over from one product style to another. This form of automation needs high initial investments and high production rates. That is why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes.

2. Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be re-programmed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to Facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer program.

3. Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Programmable automation requires time to re-program and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.

Task  2. Answer the following questions:

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the most important application of automation?

2. What are the types of automation used in manufacturing?

Task 3. Read the text “Types of Automation” and discuss the following questions in group:

Задание 3. Прочитайте текст и обсудите следующие проблемы в группе:

a) What is fixed automation?

b) What are the limitations of hard automation?

c) What is the best example of programmable automation?

d) What are the limitations of programmable automation?

e) What are the advantages of flexible automation?

 Task  4. Study these examples of prepositions of place.

Задание 4. Изучите эти примеры предлогов места.

Task  5. Complete each sentence using the correct preposition.

Задание 5. Заполните каждое предложение, используя правильный предлог.

• The CPU is a large chip ………………… the computer.

• Data always flows the CPU ………………… the address bus.

• The CPU can be divided ………………… three parts.

• ………………… data flows the CPU and memory.

• Peripherals are devices………………… the computer but linked it.

• The signal moves …………………the VDU screen    one ………………… side the other.

• ………………… the CPU puts the address the address bus.

• ………………… the CPU can fetch data memory the data………………… bus.

LESSON 6

Robots in Manufacturing

Task  1. Read and translate the text:

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

    Today most robots are used in manufacturing operations. The applications of robots can be divided into three categories:

1. material handling

2. processing operations

3. assembly and inspection.

    Material-handling is the transferof material and loading and unloading of machines. Material-transfer applications require the robot to move materials or work parts from one to another. Many of these tasks are relatively simple: robots pick up3parts from one conveyor and place them on another. Other transfer operations are more complex, such as placing parts in an arrangement4that can be calculated by the robot. Machine loading and unloading operations utilize a robot to load and unload parts. This requires the robot to be equipped with a gripperthat can graspparts. Usually the gripper be designed specifically for the particular part geometry. In robotic processing operations, the robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part. Examples of such applications include spot welding, continuous arc weldingand spray painting. Spot welding of automobile bodies is one of the most common applications of industrial robots. The robot positions a spot welder against the automobile panels and framesto join them. Arc welding is a continuous process in which robot moves the welding rod along the welding seam. Spray painting is the manipulation of a spraypainting gunover the surface of the object to be coated. Other operations in this category include grindingand polishingin which a rotating spindleserves as the robot's tool. The third application area of industrial robots is assembly and inspection. The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase because of the high cost of manual labor. But the design of the product is an important aspect of robotic assembly. Assembly methods that are satisfactory for humans are not always suitable for robots. Screws and nuts are widely used for fastening in manual assembly, but the same operations are extremely difficult for a one-armed robot.

Inspection is another area of factory operations in which the utilization of robots is growing. In a typical inspection job, the robot positions a sensor with respect to the work part and determines whether the part answers the quality specifications. In nearly all industrial robotic applications, the robot provides a substitute for human labor. There are certain characteristics of industrial jobs performed by humans that can be done by robots:

1. the operation is repetitive, involving the same basic work motions every cycle,

2. the operation is hazardousor uncomfortable for the human worker (for example: spray painting, spot welding, arc welding, and certain machine loading and unloading tasks),

3. the work piece or tool are too heavy and difficult to handle,

4. the operation allows the robot to be used on two or three shifts.

Task  2. Answer the following questions:

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the most common application of robots in automobile manufacturing?

2. What operations could be done by robots in car manufacturing industry?

Task  3. Read the text “Robots in Manufacturing” and discuss the following questions in group: