Task  4. Find the answers to these questions in the following text.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ИНСТИТУТА ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ

ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЙ

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

Составители: Л.М. Митрофаненко, Г.Э. Маркосян,

И.И. Лизенко

Ставрополь

2014

Английский язык для студентов института информационных технологий и телекоммуникаций:учебное  издание / сост. Л.М. Митрофаненко, Г.Э. Маркосян, И.И. Лизенко - Ставрополь: Изд-во СКФУ, 2014. – 164 с.

Учебное издание составлено в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования, рабочим учебным планом и программой и включает специализированные тексты, лексико-грамматические упражнения и глоссарий, содержащий терминологические единицы.

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов специальностей института информационных технологий и телекоммуникаций очной и заочной форм обучения, изучающих дисциплины «Иностранный язык (английский язык)», «Технический иностранный язык (английский язык)».

Составители:

канд. филол. наук, доцент Л.М. Митрофаненко,

канд. филол. наук, доцент Г.Э. Маркосян,

канд. филол. наук, доцент И.И. Лизенко

Рецензенты:

канд. пед. наук, доцент Е.В.Савелло,

канд. филол. наук, доцент Л.С. Касьяненко

© Издательство Северо-Кавказского

федерального университета, 2014

LESSON 1

What is Engineering?

Task  1. Read and translate the text:

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the efficient 4 use of the materials and forces of nature. The term engineer properly denotes a person who has received professional training in pure and applied science, but is often loosely used to describe the operator of an engine, as in the terms locomotive engineer, marine engineer, or stationary engineer. In modern terminology these latter occupations are known as crafts or trades. Between the professional engineer and the craftsperson or tradesperson, however, are those individuals known as subprofessionals or paraprofessionals, who apply scientific and engineering skills to technical problems; typical of these are engineering aides, technicians, inspectors, draftsmen, and the like. Before the middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was usually placed in the hands of military engineers. Military engineering involved such work as the preparation of topographical maps, the location, design, and construction of roads and bridges; and the building efforts and docks; see Military Engineering below. In the 18th century, however, the term civil engineering came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes. With the increasing use of machinery in the 19th century, mechanical engineering was recognized as a separate branch of engineering, and later mining engineering was similarly recognized. The technical advances of the 19th century greatly broadened the field of engineering and introduced a large number of engineering specialties, and the rapidly changing demands of the socioeconomic environment in the 20th century have widened the scope even further.

Task  2. Answer the following questions:

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is engineering?

2. Can you draw a difference between mathematical and natural sciences?

3. Look up the following words in a dictionary and explain their meanings and usage peculiarities: trade, craft, profession, job, occupation, work and career.

4. Read the text “What is engineering?” and take part in the discussion on the topic "Engineering".

Task  3. Discuss the following problems in group:

Задание 3. Обсудите следующие проблемы в группе:

a) What are the main branches of engineering?

b) What does the field of your specialty deal with?

c) Prove that a modern engineer has to require a basic knowledge of lots of engineering fields.

Task  4. Put the tenses in this dialogue in the correct form: Past simple or Present perfect.

Задание 4. Поставьте времена в правильную форму.

• What (do) today?

• I (work) on my project. I (search) the Web for sites on digital cameras.

• I (find) any good ones?

• I (find) several company sites - Sony, Canon,... but I (want)

• one which (compare) all the models.

• Which search engine (use)?

• Dogpile mostly, (ever use) it?

• Yes, I (try) it but I (have) more luck with Ask Jeeves. Why don’t you try it?

• I (have) enough for one night. I (spend) hours on that project.

• I (not start) on mine yet.

• Yeh? I bet you (do) it all.

Task  5. How do you think these professions might use computers? Compare answers with others in your group.

Задание 5. Как Вы думаете, могут ли данные профессии использовать компьютеры?

1. architects interior

2. designers farmers

3. landscape gardeners

4. musicians rally drivers

5. sales people

LESSON 2

Modern Engineering Trends

Task  1. Read and translate the text:

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Scientific methods of engineering are applied in several fields not connected directly to manufacture and construction. Modern engineering is characterized by the broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles. The systems approach is a methodology of decision-making in design, operation, or construction that adoptsthe formal process included in what is known as the scientific method; an interdisciplinary, or team, approach, using specialists from not only the various engineering disciplines, but from legal, social, aesthetic, and behavioralfields as well; a formal sequenceof procedure employing the principles of operations research. Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people, to determine, for example, how machines can be operated most efficiently by the workers. A small change in the location of the controls of a machine or of its position with relation to other machines or equipment, or a change in the muscular movements of the operator, often results in greatly increased production. This type of engineering work is called time-study engineering.

Among various recent trends in the engineering profession, licensing and computerization are the most widespread. Today, many engineers, like doctors and lawyers, are licensed, by the state.

The trendin modern engineering offices is overwhelmingly toward computerization. Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well as for handling, storing, and generating the enormousvolume of data modern engineers must work with. The National Academy of Engineering, founded in 1964 as a private organization, sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encouragesnew research, and is concerned with the relationship of engineering to society.

Task  2. Answer the following questions:

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What recent trends of engineering professions are considered to be the most widespread?

2. What is the influence of computerization process on the contemporary level of high-tech development?

3. Characterize modern engineering trends of our century.

Task 3.Read the text “Modern Engineering Trends”. Discuss the following problems in group:

Задание 3. Прочтите текст. Обсудите следующие проблемы в группе:

a) What are the principles modern engineering is characterized by?

b) What do you know about The National Academy of Engineering?

Task  4. Find the answers to these questions in the following text.