Задание 4. Прочитайте текст и обсудите следующие вопросы в группе.

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a) What problems faced programmers in the 1940's and 1950's?

b) Why were the first programs «complex» and «time-consuming»?

c) What are the basic functions of operating system?

d) What does the abbreviation DOS mean?

e) What company developed the first version of DOS operating system? For what purpose was it done? Was the new operational system successful?

f) What is the difference between the PC-DOS and MS-DOS?

g) What does the abbreviation NT stand for? Is NT DOS compatible?

What are the basic requirements for NT?

h) Who is the developer of OS/2? What makes UNIX so different from the other operational systems?

i) What are the special features of Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows XP?

Task 5. up- and -up verbs Complete each gap in these sentences with the appropriate form of the correct verb from this list:

back up keep up update

build up set up    upgrade

catch up start up upload

free up

1. to avoid losing data, you should ……………..your                                      files regularly.

2. You can....... your PC by adding a new motherboard.

3. Delete some files to..... space on your hard disk.

4. Data is......... from regional PCs to the company’s mainframe

5. each night.

6. The operating system boots when you    your computer.

7. She’s taking a course to.. her knowledge of computing.

8. The computer checks the memory when it

9. …………..he a website to advertise his………….. travel company.

10. You can....... with developments by reading PC magazines.

11. If you miss a class, you can study the hand-outs to

12. …………the image in a digital camera is………………….from. a red, green and

blue image.

Task 6. Rewrite each of these sentences like this:

1. Example: An important function of the operating system is to manage the computer’s resources. - Managing the computer’s resources is an important function of the operating system.

2. One task of the supervisor program is to load into memory nonresident programs as required.

3. The role of the operating system is to communicate directly with the hardware.

4. One of the key functions of the operating system is to establish a user interface.

5. An additional role is to provide services for applications software.

6. Part of the work of mainframe operating systems is to support multiple programs and users.

7. The task in most cases is to facilitate interaction between a single user and a PC.

8. One of the most important functions of a computer is to process large amounts of data quickly.

9. The main reason for installing more memory is to allow the computer to process data faster.

LESSON 12

What is the Internet?

Task 1. Read and translate the text:

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

What is this computer phenomenon called the Internet, or the Net? Do you personally have need of it? Before you decide to get "on" the Internet, you may want to know something about it.

Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including the arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of informational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are connected to the Internet and exchange information in the same basic ways.

Using the Internet, David, a teacher in the United States, acquired course materials. A Canadian father accessed it to stay in contact with his daughter in Russia. A housewife used it to examine scientific research on the early beginnings of the universe. A farmer turned to it to find information about new planting methods that make use of satellites. Corporations are drawn to it because of its power to advertise their products and services to millions of potential customers. People around the globe read the latest national and international news by means of its vast reporting and information services. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it's not a collection of networks. Rather, it is information that is connected or linked together like a web. You access this information through one interface or tool called a Web browser. The number of resources and services that are part of the World Wide Web is growing extremely fast. In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the WWW, and more than half the information that is transferred across the Internet is accessed through the WWW. By using a computer terminal (hardware) connected to a network that is a part of the Internet, and by using a program (software) to browse or retrieve information that is a part of the World Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet and World Wide Web through the local providers have access to a variety of information. Each browser provides a graphical interface. You move from place to place, from site to site on the Web by using a mouse to click on a portion of text, icon or region of a map. These items are called hyperlinks or links.

Each link you select represents a document, an image, a video clip or an audio file somewhere on the Internet. The user doesn't need to know where it is, the browser follows the link. All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it's available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents. Just a little bit of exploring the World Wide Web will show you what a lot of use and fun it is.

Task 2. Answer the following questions:

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Are you a part of computer revolution?

2. You are going to read a set of texts about the World Wide Web. Discuss in group why you really need the Internet.

What factors influence your decision?

Task 3. Read the text “What is the Internet?” and discuss the following questions:

a) Do you use Internet?

b) Why so many activities such as e-mail and business transactions are possible through the Internet?

c) What is World Wide Web?

d) What is Web browser?

e) What does a user need to have an access to the WWW?

f) What are hyperlinks?

g) What resources are available on the WWW?

h) What are the basic recreational applications of WWW?

Task 4. Now read this text to check your answer and to find the answers to these questions:

• What difference is there between applications software and operating systems?

• Why is the supervisor program the most important operating system program?

• What is the difference between resident and non-resident programs?

• What are the main functions of an operating system?

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