Задание 4. Подберите русские соответствия к следующим устойчивым речевым оборотам с учетом норм лексической сочетаемости в научном стиле русского языка.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ КУРС ПИСЬМЕННОГО ПЕРЕВОДА

Учебное пособие

Издательско-полиграфический центр

Воронежского государственного университета

2010

Утверждено научно-методическим советом факультета РГФ 26 июня 2009 г., протокол № 10

Рецензент канд. филол. наук, доц. кафедры теории перевода и меж­куль­тур­ной коммуникации С.Л. Лукина

Учебное пособие подготовлено на кафедре ТПиМК факультета РГФ Воронежского государственного университета.

Рекомендуется для студентов 5 курса д/о и 6 курса в/о факультета романо-германской фи­ло­ло­гии Воронежского государственного университета.

Для специальности 031202 – Перевод и переводоведение

ЧАСТЬ I. ПЕРЕВОД ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ

Задание 1. Определите жанрово-стилистические характеристики и доминанты перевода следующего текста.

Live Sentences for Living Thoughts

By J.Barzun and H.Graff

As everybody knows, meaning does not come from single words but from words put together in groups – phrases, clauses, sentences. A mysterious bond links these groups of words with our ideas, and this relation leads in turn to the miracle by which ideas pass from one mind to another. The reason for weighing words with care is to make sure that these units of speech correspond truly to one’s inner vision; the reason for building sentences with care is to make sure that all the portions of our thought hang together correctly for the truth and conveniently for understanding.

Everyone’s mind, however eager it may be for information, opposes a certain resistance to the reception of somebody else’s ideas. Before one can take in another’s intent, the shape, connection, and tendency of one’s own ideas have to yield to those same features in the other person’s. Accordingly, the writer must somehow induce in that other the willingness to receive the foreign matter. He does so with the aid of great many devices which, when regularly used, are called the qualities of his speech or writing.

These qualities go by such names as: Clarity, Order, Logic, Ease, Unity, Coherence, Rhythm, Force, Simplicity, Naturalness, Grace, Wit, and Movement. But these are not distinct things, they overlap and can reinforce or obscure one another, being but aspects of the single power called Style. Neither style nor any of its qualities can be aimed at separately. Nor are the pleasing characteristics of a writer’s style laid on some preexisting surface the way sheathing and plaster are laid on the rough boards of a half-finished house. Rather, they are the by-product of an intense effort to make words work. By “making them work” we mean here reaching the mind of another and affecting it in such a way as to reproduce there our own state of mind.

Задание 2. Проанализируйте синтаксическую структуру следующих предложений и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Pragmatic effectiveness in communication means participating as fully as possible in the discourse systems of those with whom one is wishing to communicate, while never taking their requirements as simply self-evident.

2. In some cases, the theoretician may argue that premature application of theory to real world problems may be detrimental for both parties of the science making and consumption relationship, because of potential unforeseen consequences.

3. This approach rejects the criterion for quality in translation that is still usual in university departments, including translator training institutes, that the translation should ‘preserve as much of the original as possible’ – the classical tenet of equivalence and the main reason why skeptics like Ortega y Gasset declared that translation was an impossible undertaking.

4. It is important to stress again that the analysis is not concerned with isolating phenomena or items to study them in depth, but with tracing a web of relationships, the importance of individual items being determined by their relevance and function in the text.

5. Nevertheless, in principle, unless a literal translation ‘works’ or is mandatory, the translation of any metaphor is the epitome of all translation, in that it always offers choices in the direction either of sense of an image, or a modification of one, or a combination of both, as I have shown, and depending, as always, on the contextual factors, not least on the importance of the metaphor within the text.

6. The difference between sociolinguistics and the sociology of language is very much one of emphasis to whether the investigator is more interested in language or society, and also according to whether they have more skill in analyzing linguistic or social structures.

Задание 3. Переведите и отредактируйте следующий текст.

Thinking Critically to Evaluate Research

We live in a research-oriented society. From the pioneering breakthroughs on the cutting edge of medical science to the semi annual choices network executives agonize over regarding what television programs to air, research is a fact of modern life. We rely on it, and with this reliance comes an inherent danger, for research findings can be easily misused, distorted, or taken out of context to say something other than what they are meant to.

Thinking critically goes hand in hand with developing an appreciation of the enormous benefits, and inherent dangers, of scientific research. Research is a double-edged sword; when misapplied, its ability to obscure knowledge is as great as its ability to illuminate. Research that is soundly conducted can answer difficult questions with more certainty and objectivity than any other method of inquiry, but the casual reporting of research can be fraught with distortions that, intentionally or unintentionally, mislead an unsuspecting public. Studies may be poorly designed or conducted, findings can be taken out of context and misapplied, and "results" can be carefully worded so as to subtly, but wrongly, imply the truthfulness of a dubious claim.

As we've already mentioned, the field of psychology has as one of its cornerstones a commitment to empiricism, or the research-based validation of its concepts. As such, the study of psychology is a particularly helpful context in which to hone your skills of assessing and evaluating the merits of research.

Psychologists say many things about human nature, based on the research they conduct. However, rather than believing something simply because a psychologist says it (beware the method of authority), critical thinkers carefully scrutinize research to determine, for themselves, how sound it is.

Задание 4. Подберите русские соответствия к следующим устойчивым речевым оборотам с учетом норм лексической сочетаемости в научном стиле русского языка.

1. Numerous theories were advanced to account for…

2. The book challenged the theory of…

3. The revision of the theory will permit to…

4. One reasonable hypothesis to account for… is…

5. To take all possibilities into account we are compelled to rule out the hypothesis that…

6. For confirmation of the hypothesis we need only turn to a brief consideration of…

7. The point of view that is now shared by a significant number of investigation is…

8. The view that has been widely held in recent years is…

9. The generalized conception is expressed in the outlook of…

10. In analyzing this conception we may begin by recalling…

11. For a discussion of the evidence it must be suffice here to refer to…

12. There is good evidence that…

13. More evidence has been adduced to support the idea of…

14. One may point to numerous examples where…

15. To demonstrate an absolutely opposite tendency it is necessary to… .