Answer the following questions.

1. What were the early stages of man’s existence on the Earth?

2. How has man’s life on our planet changed?

3. What inventions influenced man’s progress?

4. What is the role of science in human’s development?

5. What are the outstanding stages in scientific and technical progress of mankind.

6. When are scientific and technological inventions beneficial?

7. What are the main tasks of science and technology to preserve life on the Earth?

Exercises

State to what part of speech the following words belong.

Possible, achievements, amplifier, economics, scientific, invention, intricate, explain, survival, distance, century, important, communication, global, depletion, entirely, supersonic, scientist, advance, activity, speedometer, century.

 2.  Determine which of the following words and expressions are terms:

Dwelling, energy, generation, printing press, medicine, charge, supersonic speed, environment, space rocket, record, radio electronics, speedometer, technology, ozone layer, camera, electron, fission.

 3.  Match adjectives from column A and the nouns from column B to make word combinations:

A                              B

celestial                      press

technical                     force

intricate                      explanation

scientific                     warming

uphill                          body

global                         rocket

productive                  struggle

supersonic                  progress

electronic                    innovation

printing                      amplifier

space                          plan

 4.  Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian language:

electronic amplifier, to disseminate knowledge, means of communication, to be greatly influenced by science, it took…, it became possible, to make many contributions, let alone control, struggle for survival, the achievements of science and technology, the depletion of the ozone layer.

 5.  Agree or disagree with the statements given below; the following phrases may be helpful:

Sure, indeed, it goes without saying, as far as I know, certainly, to my mind, that’s wrong.

1. We still cannot speak of such new era as supersonic speeds.

2. Electronic devices help to amplify extremely week electrical signals, charges, and oscillations. 3. Not long ago it became possible to recode and pass on knowledge about the environment from generation to generation.

4. The more complex are the innovations of man’s intellectual activity, the less is the responsibility of scientists for use of their innovations.

5. Science has become a productive force while production is becoming a technological branch of modern science.

6. From the very first steps the advance of science and technology have not influenced on the development of our civilization.

7. True progress in science began when the Greek civilization was in full flourish.

 6.  Complete the sentences using the words from the text.

1. It took man 10 thousand years to…

2. Man can’t follow such…

3. Having become …, electronics found a wide application in different branches of industry.

4. Scientific and technological inventions are beneficial only when…

5. The more complex the innovations, the higher…

6. One might give a lot of examples describing…

7. An electronic amplifier’s function is …

8. We consider man’s existence as …

 7.  Match the following English words and word combinations with Ukrainian ones.

 8.  Explain the function of “it” in the sentences and translate them

1. The book is interesting. I advise you to read it.

2. It will take you a lot of time to accomplish this research.

3. We consider it necessary to take part in this scientific conference.

4. It was Newton who discovered the laws of gravity.

5. It is when an object is heated that the average speed of molecules is increased.

6. It often rains in our region.

7. It is impossible to imagine our life without electricity.

 9.   Transform the following sentences into the Passive Voice and translate them.

1. Our scientists have made great progress in electronics during the last years.

2. We see the world in which science greatly influences on people’s life.

3. A modern supersonic planes cover a distance of nearly a quarter of a kilometer within one sixth of a second.

4. Scientists are realizing more and more clearly the danger in recent developments in nuclear power engineering.

5. An electronic valve can generate its own signals at a fantastic frequency.

 10.  Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs-predicates expressed with “Should/Would+Perfect Infinitive Construction”.

1. It would be unwise to sell this invention abroad. 2. The scientist would have made a great deal of research but it was broken off suddenly. 3. Some years ago we shouldn’t have thought it possible to make such an operation. 4. If I had seen her I should have asked her to join our research work. 5. You should have taken into account his advice before starting your experiment. 6. You should have consulted our professor concerning this problem. He is an expert in this field. 7. He would have given you good ideas by all means.

 11.  Write summary to the text and retell it.

UNIT 2

UKRAINIAN NAMES IN WORLD SCIENCE

Lead-in

· How do you understand the expression “the scientific potential of Ukraine”?

· What is an area of special concern to the Ukrainian science?

Practise pronunciation of the following words and underline the stressed syllable. Translate the words into Ukrainian.

Upsurge, culture, genius, civilization, shelter, native, descendants, strengthening, unforeseen, surpass, restlessly, exploration, appreciate, suggest, affiliate, dirigible, parameter, investigation, personality, knowledge, reference, scientific, circumstances, illustrious, deserve, courage, astronomer, absorbing.

 2.   Memorize the following words and word combinations. Make up your own sentences:

 3.   What famous people in Ukrainian science do you know? Read the text and give examples.