Работа над разговорной темой «BRITISH RAILWAYS»

I. Как построить рассказ о железных дорогах Великобритании на английском языке.

1. Прежде всего, следует сказать, как назывались железные дороги Великобритании в прошлом: The former name of British Railways was national railway system of Great Britain.

2. Затем дайте краткую историю железных дорог страны: The first railway in Great Britain was opened in 1825; it was the Stockton and Darlington. It used a steam locomotive built by George Stephenson and was practical for hauling minerals.

3. Скажите о первой современной железной дороге страны: The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was opened in 1830. It was the first modern railway that carried both passengers and freight.

4. Расскажите, какие изменения происходили на железных дорогах Великобритании в годы II Мировой войны: When World War II began in 1939, Britain’s railways were placed under government control. The Transport Act of 1947 nationalized the railways, which were taken over by the British Transport Commission in 1948 and given the name British Railways. The BTC divided Britain’s rail network into six (later 5) regions on a geographic basis.

5. Сообщите, что произошло с железными дорогами Великобритании в начале 1960-х годов ХХ века: A 1962 law replaced the BTC with the British Railways Board in 1963.

6. Уделите следующую часть рассказа модернизации железных дорог: As part of a modernization program, steam locomotives began to be replaced by diesels in the 1950s, and this was followed by electrification. The board undertook track reconstruction, installed long, constantly welded rails, and introduced new signaling systems. A computerized freight service was introduced in 1975. Track improvements and the High Speed Train (InterCity 125) cut travel time between Britain’s major cities.

7. В заключении скажите о состоянии железных дорог Великобритании в наши дни: The British government restructured British Rail in 1993. A new state-owned company, Railtrack, was created in 1994 to own and manage the system’s track, signals, land and stations. Its business was assumed by Network Rail,Ltd., a private company, in 2002.

II. Ответьте на вопросы:

Вопросы                                         Ожидаемые ответы

1. What was the former name of     The former name of… was national railway British railways?                             system of Great Britain.

When was the first railway opened It was opened in 1825.

in Great Britain?

What type of locomotive did it use? It used a steam locomotive.

What was it practical for?                It was practical only for hauling minerals.

When was the first modern railway The first modern railway was … in 1930.

opened?

What did it carry?                            It carried……..

2. What happened to Britain’s       They were placed under government control.

railways when World War II began?

What name was given to the            The transport Act of 1947 nationalized the

railways in 1948?                           railways, they were taken over by… in 1948

                                                       and given the name British railways.

What law replaced the BTC with     A 1962 law replaced…….

the British Railways Board in 1963?

3. What did a modernization    Steam locomotives were replaced by diesels, this

program involve?                      was followed by electrification…….

                                                  A computerized freight service was introduced    

                                                  in….

                                                 Track improvement and the High Speed Train

                                                 cut travel time…….

4. When did the British government The British government restructured….in

restructure British Rail?                     1993.

What was created?                          A new state-owned company, Railtrack, was

                                                       created in 1994…… .

Работа над разговорной темой «Railways of the World»