Критерии оценивания выполнения задания 40

Задание 40 (ЭССЕ) оценивается по пяти критериям:

решение коммуникативной задачи (содержание);

организация текста;

лексическое оформление текста;

грамматическое оформление текста;

орфография и пунктуация

По первым четырём критериям можно максимально получить по 3 балла, а по пятому критерию – максимум 2 балла.

ПОЛЕЗНЫЕ СОВЕТЫ

Прочитайте внимательно инструкцию к заданию и чётко следуйте предложенному плану;

Выскажите свои собственные мысли, дайте свои аргументы и сделайте выводы;

Тренируйтесь в выполнении письменного задания 40 чтобы развивать готовность написания нужного объёма – 200-250 слов;

Научитесь анализировать и редактировать собственные письменные работы;

Ознакомьтесь с предложенным планом задания 40:

– make an introduction (state the problem - обозначьте проблему)

– express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

– express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

– explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

– make a conclusion restating (формулируя иначе) your position

Структуру эссе  можно представить графически:

Абзац 1.Вступление	Обозначьте существование двух точек зрения на решение проблемы.Перефразируйте, изложите своими словами проблему, заявленную в формулировке задания, добавьте фразы, подберите синонимы или антонимы, покажите её проблемный характер.
Абзац 2.Ваше мнение, близкая автору точка зрения	Пишем вводное предложение, а затем два-три развёрнутых и весомых аргумента в его обоснование: Inmyopinion, …вашаточказрения. Firstly, … дайте 1-й аргумент Secondly, … дайте 2-й аргумент Thirdly/Finally, … дайте 3-йаргумент
Абзац 3. Иная точка зрения	Пишем вводное предложение и приводим один-два аргумента в пользу оппонентов: However, there are some people who have an opposing opinionon this issue. To begin with,/To start with, … 1-йаргумент Additionally,/ Furthermore,/ What is more, …2-йаргумент
Абзац 4. Объяснение причин несогласия автора с иной точкой зрения	Пишем открытое вежливое несогласие и приводим два развёрнутых контраргумента против данной позиции: Personally, Icannotagreewiththisstatement. Iamconvincedthat ... 1-й контраргумент. Moreover, … 2-й контраргумент.
Абзац 5. Заключение с обновленным формулированием точки зрения автора	Признание существования иных точек зрения и окончательное утверждение авторской позиции.

Рекомендуемый объем письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения (эссе) на ЕГЭ составляет 200—250 слов. С учетом допустимого варьирования объема в сторону уменьшения и увеличения на 10%, проверяемый объем текста не может быть меньше 180 слов и не должен превышать 275 слов. Соблюдение заданного объема доказывает, что у экзаменуемого сформировано не только коммуникативное умение доказательно выразить свою мысль, но и развито умение экономного использования языковых знаков.

OбразецнаписанияЭССЕ

Some people think history has nothing or little to tell us, but others think that studying thepast history can help us better understand the present. Please discuss the two views andgive your own opinion.

History refers to all the things that happened in the past, especially the political, social, or economic development of a nation. Some individuals are of the opinion that studying the past history is useless today but others believe it is very essential to know history to better understand the present. I would like to consider who is right.

Personally, I opine that the present is the continuation of the past. Firstly, studying the past history can enable us to better understand what is going on around us. For example, if we are equipped with relevant knowledge of history, it will be easier for us to understand the evolution of mankind. Secondly, it would also tell us how we progressed and reached where we are today. We would also know how technology developed step by step. Thirdly, history can serve us as a guide because of which we would not repeat the mistakes of yesteryears. We also get inspiration from the great men of the past through history.

Those opposed to the study of history argue that the past was very different from the present, and

we cannot apply that knowledge to the present. To begin with, they say that the French Revolution and the Freedom Struggle of India have no need to be learnt because those situations will never arise again. What they forget is that this knowledge makes us realize the importance of liberty and self-governance. Additionally, opponents of the study of history also claim that history has nothing to do with professionals, such as architects and accountants. However, I believe they would be better in their professions if they know something about the history of architecture or that of accountancy. As a matter of fact, you are supposed to demonstrate some evidence of historical ability if you want to pursue almost any career.

Personally, I cannot agree with this statement. I am convinced that history it is a collection of important epics and events that have shaped the human civilization and modern world. Our forefather’s achievements and sacrifices are deeply rooted in our history.Moreover,we cannot deny the vital role of history in our life. Human should study history carefully and then learn from the past.

To sum up, studying the past history can not only deepen and widen our knowledge, but also help us develop the power of analysis. Thus, we are able to look at what is happening at present from a

historical perspective and better understanding.

Тематические аргументы «ЗА» и «Против» для написания ЭССЕ.

Contents

1.Advertising. 5

2.After-schoolactivity. 6

Animalrights. 7

4.Choosingacareer. 9

5.Cities. 11

6.Crime. 13

7.Dance. 13

8.Education. 14

9.Environment. 19

10.Fame. 22

11.Family. 24

12.Fashion / Clothes. 25

13.Food. 26

14.Friendandfriendship. 28

15.Gender. 28

16.Globalissues. 29

17.GovernmentandSociety. 31

18.Handicraft. 32

19.Health. 34

20.Housing and Architecture. 37

21.Language. 37

22.Money. 38

23.Music. 39

24.National and international exhibition. 40

25.Personality. 41

26.Pocket money. 42

27.Space exploration. 42

28.Sport and Leisure. 44

29.Television, Internet,Social media, Mobile phones. 46

30.Tourism, Travelling. 50

31.Traditional vs Modern. 53

32.Transport. 54

33.Water. 57

34.Work. 58

35. Teenagers have jobs while they are still students. 61

1. Advertising

Arguments for Advertising

Advertising provides consumers with information to make informed decisions on the product

Shows availability, price, and the benefit of the product

Advertising introduces a new product in the market, expansion of the market, increased sales, fights competition, enhances good-will, supports the salesmanship

Competingbrands are forced to enhance the benefits of their product

Advertisements inform us about the choices we have

Advertising is a creative industry that employs many people

Without advertising we would have less choice

Advertising is a form of modern art