Задание к Контрольной работе № 3

Подготовьте следующий теоретический материал на русском языке:

1. Неопределенные местоимения much, many, little, few и some, any, отрицательное ме­стоимение nо.

2. Имя прилагательное и наречие. Степени сравнения. Перевод предложений, содержащих конструкции типа the more ... the less ... .

3. Оборот There is/ are…. Особенности перевода. Именные и глагольные безличные предложения.

4. Глагол, особенности спряжения глагола в Present Continuous, Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite и Past Indefinite, Present Perfect. Типы вопросов.

5. Глагол. Активная и пассивная формы (Active and Passive Voice). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

6. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.  

7. Неличные формы глагола: причастия — Participle I и Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

Смотрите грамматические пояснения по учебникам:

1.Бонк Н. А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка. М.., 1989.Ч.I. Основной курс. Уроки 7-16; Грамматический справочник § 47 - 76.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Основные лексические единицы и разговорные клише: to send smth by post/ mail, a clerk, a customer, an envelope, to fill in the form, a letter, a letter-box, to stick a stamp, a postcard, a parcel, to tie up with a string, to weigh, to send a money-order, handwriting, to write the name in full, a signature, handwritten, typewritten, a postage, to correspond, a delivery, a telephone, to speak over/ on the telephone, a private telephone, a mobile telephone, a telephone call, to ring up/ to call, to make a telephone call, a receiver, to connect, Hallo!, Speaking, Could I speak to Mr. Smith?, You are wanted on the phone, you’ve got the wrong number, Who’s calling, How are you?

travelling, a trip, a tour, a hiking trip,a voyage, to make a trip, a railway-station, a port, an airport,  to catch a train/ a plane/ a ship, to go on business, to go for holiday, get acquainted with life and customs, to board a train/ ship/ plane, to see smb. off, to change trains, a destination, to pack one’s things, to go to the country, to stay in town, to go by air/ by train/ by sea/ by car/ on foot, to arrive at an airport, an advantage, a disadvantage, a plane, a train, a carriage, a sleeping-car, a ship, enjoyable, to buy a ticket, to miss the train/ the plane, to travel by hitch-hiking/ bicycle/ on horseback, to travel on boat, boring, expensive, cheap, to have a rest, to breathe fresh air, to spend time in the open air, to meet new friends, to prefer activity holidays, to look forward, to lie in the sun, for a change;

to occupy, a surface, eastern, northern, total area, to wash, to border on, variety, a plain, a steppe, a highland, a desert, a chain, to separate, to flow, Siberian, to count, to concentrate, European, vast, various, climate, arctic, subtropical, temperate, continental, oil, coal, iron ore, copper, mineral resources, parliamentary, a head of state, legislative, powers, to exercise, scientific, complicated, to decrease, constantly, the rate of inflation, in spite of, powerful;

a historian, to accept, united, to remain, to attack, to destroy, a fire, an occupation, to restore, ancient, a masterpiece, architecture, a tower, a palace, to reconstruct, unique, to go sightseeing

to buy, to sell, to cost, how much does it cost/ what does it cost?, what’s the price?, to pay, to order by phone, to deliver goods, to weigh, to wrap, ready- packed goods, to go shopping/ to do shopping, a purchase, to buy smth by hire-purchase, a buyer, a customer, a shop- assistant, a salesman, a shopping bag, a shopping cart, a shopping list, scales, a gram, a kilogram, a department store, a footwear department, a ready-made clothes department, a haberdashery department, a perfumery department, a stationery department, electronics, at the baker’s, at the butcher’s, at the fishmonger’s, at the food store, at the dairy shop, at the greengrocer’s, food, a meal, breakfast, to have breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack, to have a snack, course, dessert, party, to cook, recipe, favourite dishes, to lay the table, a wide choice of dishes, to clear the table, to treat one’s guests, to help to smth, Help yourself!, to taste, to serve smth, to be hungry, to be thirsty, to feed, spice, soft drinks, a menu, to pour, to boil, to fry, to roast, to steam, to bake, to stew, tasty, tasteless, delicious, eatable, fresh, excellent, raw, sweet, sour, bitter, salted, unsaulted, undersaulted, oversalted, underdone, overdone, stale, tough, pickled, tinned/ canned, spicy, nourishing, sugar, salt, pepper, mustard, vinegar, oil, mayonnaise, ketchup, garlic, salad, meat, mushroom, chicken, fish dishes, beef, pork, mutton, roast beef, ham, bacon, chop, steak, mince, pilaf, toung, frankfurters, chain sausage, fried potatoes, side dishes, butter, cheese, cream, sour milk, sour cream, egg, flour, wheat bread, rye bread, roll/ bun, pastry, biscuits, pie, cake, pancake, tart, sweets, jam, ice-cream, marmalade, honey, chocolate, toast, hamburger, cheeseburger, French fries, Pizza, sandwich, hot dog, pudding, mineral water, juice, coffee (strong/ weak), cocoa, let’s look through the menu, what shall we take for the first course, what shall we order for dinner?, pass me the …, please, cannot make up my mind what to choose, here is your bill.

usual, than usual, as usual, all the same, to take part in smth., to invite, an invitation, to mind, the sky, to shine, rain, hot, to get out of/ off, to get on/ into, a group, funny, to have smth. On, to put on smth., to agree with smb., to laugh at smb., snow, to believe, almost, let alone, to take off, to be sure, a heart, heartily, to enjoy, a season, nature, to awaken, a ground, to cover, fresh, to be in blossom, lovely, sweet, a thunder, a lightning, to go fishing, to freeze, changeable, wet, nasty, a comparison, a mood, an opinion, a statement, a remark, a fog, foggy, a smog, extremely, to spread, frequent.

Грамматический материал

Неопределенные местоимения “much/ many; little/ few”.

Местоимения many и few употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными, например:

Местоимения much и little употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными, например:

Местоимения much и little могут быть наречиями меры и степени и определять глагол. В таком случае они ставятся в предложении после определяемых ими глаголов: My son reads very much.

Вместо many и much могут употребляться другие выражения, обозначающие количество: a lot of / lots of (с исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными), plenty of (с исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными), a great deal of (с неисчисляемыми существительными), a large (great, small) number of (с исчисляемыми существительными) и др.

Местоимения a few, a little означают "немного, но достаточно", например: