VI. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

The Court System of England and Wales

The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the magis­trates’ court. There are 700 magistrates’ courts and about 30,000 magistrates.

More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court, which has 90 branches in different towns and cities. Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in County courts.

Higher courts hear the appeals. For example, the Crown Court hears appeals from magis­trates’ courts. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords. (Scotland has its own High Court in Edinburgh, which hears all appeals from Scottish courts.) Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.

The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroners’ courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths). There are administrative tribunals which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with much less formality. Tribunals deal with dis­putes between individuals and disputes between individuals and govern­ment departments (for example, over taxation).

Примечания к тексту:

Magistrates’ court – мировой суд

Crown Court – Суд Короны

case – судебное дело

County court – суд графства

court of appeal –  апелляционный суд

European Court of Justice – Европейский суд

juvenile court – суд по делам несовершеннолетних

violent – насильственный

coroners’ court – суд, рассматривающий дела о насильственной смерти

to make a decision – принимать решение

fair – справедливый

taxation – налогообложение

ВАРИАНТ № 3

I. Переведите предложения, подчеркните слова с окончанием “s” и укажите, какую функцию это окончание выполняет:

    а) показатель 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;

    б) показатель притяжательного падежа имени

       существительного;

   в) признак множественного числа имени существительного.

1. Jury traditionally consists of 12 persons.

2. The trial took place last month.

3. The Magistrates’ Court of Great Britain is presided over by Justices of the Peace.

4. Jane’s friends have practical training in law offices.

II. Переведите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и сравнительные конструкции.

1. The highest judicial organ in our country is the Supreme Court.

2. The most difficult thing was to find the criminal.

3. Indictable crimes are more serious than non-indictable offences.

4. I must study harder in order to become a highly qualified specialist.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и их производных.

1. In some countries such as France the judges and jurors decide the case together.

2. There are no perfect laws.

3. In Japan some couples don’t register their marriage.

4. Do you know anybody in this group?

IV. Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. crime rate;

2. County courts;

3. court case;

4. death penalty;

5. search warrant.

V. Определите в предложении видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In most countries the policemen carry guns.

2. The jury found the defendant guilt of kidnapping.

3. Court judge will hear the appeal without a jury.

4. Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom.

VI. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Types of Local Government

Local governments are different from state and federal governments because they do not have constitutions. Local governments receive a charter (a plan of government) from the state government. There are different types of local governments: city, county, town and village.

One of the most important functions or duties of local government is the provision of public schools. People often want to take part in making decisions about the schools because they want their children to get a good education. There are special school boards where parents are the members. The school board makes decisions about teacher’s salaries, the curriculum and other administrative aspects. They give their opinions about what needs to be done at school.

Local governments have a court system which considers local problems, such as traffic laws and small disputes. Sometimes cases may be appealed to the state courts. Local courts usually specialize in one area of law, for example, family law, to be sure that a judge is very competent on the subject. Local courts provide efficient legal service.

Примечания к тексту:

   school board –школьный совет

   what needs to be done – что должно быть сделано

   may be appealed –могут быть обжалованы

ВАРИАНТ № 4

I. Переведите предложения, подчеркните слова с окончанием “s” и укажите, какую функцию это окончание выполняет:

    а) показатель 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;

    б) показатель притяжательного падежа имени

       существительного;

   в) признак множественного числа имени существительного.

1. Pete’s friend is a lawyer and works as a judge at the court.

2. The students of the law departments and institutes study all branches of law.

3. These law students often take part in scientific conferences.

4. The law of Britain distinguishes offences into indictable and non-indictable. 

II. Переведите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и сравнительные конструкции.

1. He is the best student in our group.

2. The highest legislative body in Great Britain is the British Parliament.

3. This book is not so interesting as that one.

4. This method of investigation is more effective than that one.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и их производных.

1. There was not any fingerprint on the gun.

2. Some countries, like Japan and South Korea, don’t use a jury system.

3. Any citizen of our country has the right to work.

4. Have you any documents on this case?

IV. Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Crown Court;

2. Property Law;

3. Law maker;

4. court system;

5. court-room appearance.

V. Определите в предложении видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Trial by jury is an ancient and important feature of English justice.

2. In the Middle Ages the Tower of London became a prison.

3. Government usually doesn’t establish customs.

4. Most people have a positive attitude to the police.