A) Change the nouns into pronouns

4 (b) Translatethe sentences

1 My cousin is a student. She is a pretty young lady. _______________________________

___________________________________________________

2 Our teacher is young. He is about 26. ________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

3 My friend is fond of skating. He is a good skater. _______________________________

_________________________________________________________

4 That student in jeans is our monitor. I know she is a nice singer. ____________________

_______________________________________________________________ 

5 What is it? It is my pencil. ________________________________________

6 We see a wolf. It has three cubs. _____________________________________

 Имена существительные в роли определения.

Существительное может служить определением к другому существительному, когда оно стоит перед ним в общем падеже (т.е. без всякого изменения формы)

Также существительное переводится на русский язык прилагательным или существительным в одном из косвенных падежей.

В ряде случаев существительному предшествует не одно, а два и более существительных в роли определения.

При переводе – одни существительные могут переводиться прилагательным, другие – существительными в одном из косвенных падежей.

Существительное с предшествующим числительным, служащее определением, обычно стоит в форме единственного числа.

е) Притяжательный падеж составных существительных образуется путем прибавления элемента -’s к полученному слову, входящему в состав существительных.

f) Когда два лица или более являются обладателем одного и того же предмета, окончание притяжательного падежа прибавляется к последнему существительному.

h) Наряду c существительными в притяжательном падеже для выражения принадлежности часто употребляются существительные с предлогом –of, также соответствующие в русском языке родительному падежу.

i) Слова house, office, shop, часто опускаются после существительных в притяжательном падеже. В предложных оборотах, выражающих обстоятельство места.

2. Кроме существительных одушевленных, форму притяжательного падежа принимают:

а) существительные, обозначающие время- month, week, hour, year, и расстояние - mile, kilometre, metre.

b) Существительные, обозначающие страны, города и суда, а также слова: world, country, city, ship принимают форму притяжательного падежа

с) Притяжательный падеж употребляется в некоторых застывших выражениях

IV REPORTED SPEECH

   Reported requests and orders

When we report a request or command, we use the pattern: ask/tell/order someone

to - infinitive

- Susan asked Mike to shutthe window.

- The police officer ordered them to sit down.

When the command or request is negative, we use the pattern: ask/tell/order someone notto - infinitive

- The pilot told us not to panic.

- The teacher asked us not to talk.

  Reported statements

When we report what someone has said, we change the pronouns.

 Peter said(to Maria), 'I love you.'

• He said (that) heloved her.

 Pete said(to us), 'Youpromised us you hadcome.'

 - He said (that) we had promised themwe had come.

We can leave out that before the reported statement.

When we report a statement that was made in the past, we have

 • to change the tense in the reported statement (the Past Perfect, and the Second and Third Conditional do not change in reported speech):

We also change some time and place expressions if the context has changed:

- When the reporting verb is in the present tense we do not change the tense.

 Reported questions

If there is no question word, we add if or whether.

- Are you Hungarian? -“ She asked me if/whether I was Hungarian.”

-  Have they been to Rome? — She wanted to know if/whetherthey had been to Rome.

If the reporting verb is in the past we change the tenses and time and place expressions in the same way as when reporting a statement (see Reported statements 12.2).

In reported questions we use the same word order as in statements:

 Do you speak English? - She wants to know if I speak English.

Where do you live? —“She asked me where I lived.”

How old are you? - He wanted to know howold I was.

Complete the sentences.

1. I asked “Where do you live?’__I asked him_________________________________________

2. He said: ‘I am tired’. ____ He said ____________________________

3. She told: “I haven’t finished”

4. He asked: “What is your name?” ___ He asked ________________________________

5. She asked: “Do you like doing sports?”____ She asked _________________________

6. We asked: “What time is it?” ____ We asked __________________________________

7. She said: “I don’t like New York.”____ She said ____________________________

8. He said: “I am staying in the Hilton”. _____ He said __________________________

9. They said: “You will have a wonderful time.” _____ They said __________________

10. She said: “I saw a Broadway show.”_____ She said __________________________

11. He told me: “I nave been to Chicago.” _____ He told me _____________________

12. The receptionist said:”She left the hotel at ten twenty.”____ The receptionist said ___

_______________________________________________________________

Reading 1  Hotel systems 1

Read the words and write down their translation

Complete the sentences with one of these words. Use each word once only.

Air

In large building complexes, fresh air will be supplied to rooms through an air-conditioning system. This provides (1) ventilation in each room so that guests can breathe comfortably. It also controls the

(2)____________ so that the air doesn't contain too much moisture. In each room the opening to the air-conditioning system is covered with a (3)______________ .

In kitchens, steam and smells are sucked out by an (4)___________ ____, which also contains (5) _________to remove any harmful gases.

Central heating

Heating may be under floor or a (6)___________ may be fitted to the wall in each room. The temperature in the room can be controlled by means of a (7)_______ , which will maintain a constant temperature. An efficient system will be well (8)_______ so that energy is not lost.

Water

Water required for a building may be stored in a (9)___________ . Water is supplied to each room through (10) _______. Waste water is removed through (11)________which enter a main (12) outside the building.

Under baths and basins a (13)___________ stops smells entering the room.

Hotel systems 2

Complete the sentences with one of these words. Use each word once only.

Electricity

A hairdryer or an electric shaver are examples of electrical (1) appliances . They have a (2)_______ with a (3)_______   at the end which fits into a (4)______in the wall. If there is a fault, the electricity supply will be cut off by
a (5)____________ . The amount of electricity used is measured in (6)________    .

The electrical (7)___________ in Britain is 240 volts, while in many European countries it is 220 volts. If too many pieces of equipment are connected to one supply, the system may be (8)_________    and there is a danger of fire. When problems arise, a qualified (9)__________should be called to check the (10)______________.

Reading 2  HOTEL

CHOOSING A PLACE TO STAY

I.You are going to read an extract from a travel guide devoted to accommodation for tourists in Great Britain. Before you do so, offer your opinion of what these types of hotels are:

• Bed & Breakfast;
• Country house hotel;
• Corporate hotel;
• Coaching inn.

Where else can a tourist spend a night? Share your experience in travel with your fellow students.

II. Read about types of hotels in Great Britain. Mark peculiar features of each typewhere to stay

The range of hotels and accommodation available in Britain is extensive, and whatever your budget you should find something to suit you. Various types of accommodation are de­scribed in the text. The confusing rating system for hotel classification operated by various tourist au­thorities in Great Britain is also demystified. Information is in­cluded on self-catering holidays which are becoming increasingly popular, particularly for those on a shoestring budget, with young children, or both. We have also added some introductory informa­tion on Britain's many campsites and caravan parks which can pro­vide an adventurous, reasonably priced alternative to bricks and mortar.

Country House Hotels

The peculiar British concept of the country-house hotel has gone from strength to strength over the last 15 years. The term has been somewhat liberally used by unscrupulous hoteliers where some cursory redecoration, gas log-fires and reproduction furniture allowed for the word "country-house" to be added to the new hotel brochure. However, the genuine article is not hard to spot: the buildings are invariably of some architectural value, and filled with antiques and fine furnishings. Often they are situated in extensive grounds. Comfort and luxury are guaranteed — as well as a high tariff. Some country-houses are run by resident owner-proprietors while others may be owned by hotel chains such as Historic House Hotels.

Corporate Hotels and Hotel Chains

Often at the top end of the market are the large corporate hotels such as the Sheraton group which provide every imaginable com­fort and facility, nearly always including an excellent restaurant, swimming pool and a leisure and fitness centre. Major hotel chains such as Forte Crest are to be found in all the larger cities. Prices can be high, but are often quoted for the room rather than per person. They do not always in­clude breakfast, so check before you book. Sometimes chain hotels will offer special weekend rates for tourists who book in advance, though weekdays can often see them full with business travelers and conference delegates.

Classic Hotels and Coaching Inns

In the middle price range there are traditional hotels. They are often family-run and rely on a regular clientele, sometimes they can be a little uninspiring but usually offer reasonable comfort and de­cor. In towns you may also find small, privately-run modern hotels offering good value.

Coaching inns can be found all over England and Wales. They used to be staging points for people journeying by horse and car­riage, where horses would be rested and travelers refreshed and given lodging. They are generally attractive historic buildings. Of­ten they are the town's local point, usually decorated traditionally, with a reliable restaurant and a friendly atmosphere.

Bed-and-Breakfast and Guest Houses

Bed-and-breakfast hotels, or B&B as they are more commonly known, dominate the lower price range, and such guesthouses and farm-houses can be found all over Britain. They are often family-owned and offer basic accommodation, usually with a choice of English or Continental breakfast included in the price of the room. B&B don't normally accept traveler's cheques or credit cards; payment is preferred in cash or personal cheque (with a cheque guarantee card). Many tourist boards publish a Bed & Break­fast Touring Map which gives details of places they have inspected.

Wolsey Lodges

Wolsey lodges are a group of privately owned, very comfort­able houses, mainly in the country, which offer hospitality. They are named after Cardinal Wolsey who travelled around the country in the 16th century expecting the highest standards from his hosts. Food is an important feature of your stay, and dinner is often along the lines of a dinner party; everyone eats as though you are staying in a familiar home rather than an impersonal hotel.

The aim is to make visitors feel like welcome guests rather than paying clients. Prices vary from £20 to £45 per person for a double room with bathroom and a full breakfast.

III. State the type of hotel each sentence describes:

1. The specific feature of these hotels is warm welcoming re­ception. ___________

2. The hotels are preferred for business meetings. ___________________

3. Usually they occupy historic buildings.________________

4. Their price often doesn't include breakfast._______________

5. Most often these hotels are located in the country.____________

6. These hotels charge high prices for the room disregarding the number of persons occupying it._____________________

7. A credit card payment is unlikely to be accepted in such hotels. _____________

8. In older times these hotels performed the function of modern
motels._______________

9. The hotels are the cheapest.________________

10. The hotels are named after a historic person known for his
love of comfort and quality of service._______________

Reading 3

 Read the text and make up a review

Elizabeth I

The young Elizabeth had a very difficult time. Her father (King Henry VIII) killed her mother (Ann Boleyn). Then her sister Mary (Catherine of Aragon's daughter) was Queen, and Elizabeth was in prison. A lot of people wanted to kill her.

But Mary died in 1558. Elizabeth was Queen of England and Wales for forty-five years, but she had no husband and no children. Most people liked her then. Today, many people think she was England's best queen. Why? At this time England was a strong, happy country. Queen and Parliament worked well, so most people were happy.

English people did new, exciting things. In 1577-80 an Englishman, Francis Drake, went around the world in his ship, the Golden Hinde. In 1588 thousands of Spanish soldiers and ships came to England to fight Elizabeth, but Drake's men, and some very bad weather, kept them away. In 1584 some English people went to live in Virginia, in America.

 In London, William Shakespeare began to write his famous plays. Some people were unhappy, of course. For twenty years the Scottish queen, Mary, was in prison in England. Some people wanted her to be the queen because she was a Catholic. Mary was more beautiful than Elizabeth, too. In 1587, some of Mary's friends tried to kill Elizabeth. Some weeks later, Elizabeth's soldiers killed Mary.

Elizabeth died in 1603. She was seventy years old. After her, Mary's son, James, was the king. He was the king of Scotland. Now he became the first king of England and Scotland.

Reading 4.

Types of formal Letters

Thesaurus