Explain the meaning of ethical standards of scientific research, give examples.

Scientific ethics - in modern science this is a set of officially published rules, the violation of which leads to administrative proceedings.

The scientist must follow the principles of scientific ethics in order to successfully engage in scientific research. In science, as an ideal, the principle is proclaimed that in the face of truth all researchers are equal, that no past merits are taken into account when it comes to scientific evidence. An equally important principle of scientific ethos is the requirement of scientific honesty when presenting the results of the research. The scientist may be wrong, but he has no right to manipulate the results, he can repeat the discovery already made, but he has no right to engage in plagiarism. Links as a prerequisite for the design of a scientific monograph and article are designed to document the authorship of certain ideas and scientific texts, and to ensure a clear selection of already known in science and new results. There are detailed rules on what conditions the co-authors of a scientific article should answer. Below is an excerpt from the rules developed at Harvard University [1]:

Everyone who is listed as an author should make a substantial direct intellectual contribution to the work. For example, it should contribute to the concept, design and / or interpretation of the results. "Honorary" co-authorship is prohibited. Providing funding, technical support, patients or materials, no matter how important it is for the work, is not in itself a sufficient contribution to the work, in order to become a co-author. Everyone who has made a significant contribution to the work must be a co-author. Anyone who has made a less significant contribution to the work should be listed on the list of people who are thanked at the end of the article.

These moral principles are often violated in reality. In different scientific communities, different rigidity of sanctions may be imposed for violating the ethical principles of science. The reduction of the "quality of knowledge" in violation of the ethics of science leads to junk science, the ideology of science and the commercialization of science (when the main objective is the race for financing). One of the levers for monitoring the implementation of scientific ethics is the anonymous review of scientific articles, projects and reports.

Scientific ethics are not only administrative rules, but also the totality of moral principles that scientists adhere to in scientific activity and which ensure the functioning of science.

Modern scientific ethics

Modern scientific ethics is characterized by the following:

the universal goal is to obtain and expand the sphere of objective knowledge;

corresponds to the norms of tolerance.

The ethical code of the scientist emphasizes not utilitarian, but higher intellectual values. A special role is also given to issues of scientific honesty, the preservation of a "good name", and not just fame, popularity in the general public. In the 20th century, the situation changed somewhat: the requirements became less stringent, science became more "rich".

Explain which kind of activity National scientific council provides in RK?

National scientific councils (NSС) are collegial bodies in the areas of development of scientific and scientific and technical activities. National scientific councils are established according to the directions of science in accordance with state priorities of social and economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The main tasks of the NNS are:

1. the formation of specialized scientific directions in accordance with the priorities determined by the Higher Scientific and Technical Commission;

2. determination of the forms and amounts of funding allocated for scientific research;

3. assessment of scientific novelty, scientific and technological level, prospects, degree of development of proposed scientific, scientific and technical projects and programs, economic feasibility of the requested amount of funding;

4. Assessment of the needs of the Republic of Kazakhstan in new scientific directions;

5. the competitive selection of scientific, scientific and technical projects and programs for basic and applied research, proposed for funding from the state budget;

6. monitoring the progress in the implementation of ongoing scientific research, including on-site visits.

The composition of the NNS is formed by an authorized body of competent Kazakh and foreign scientists, representatives of state bodies, national managing holdings, national development institutions, national holdings, national companies, private business entities on proposals and recommendations of industry authorized bodies, scientific organizations, higher education institutions and scientific public associations and are approved by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Explain how to carry out searching of any field of scientific research, using Thomson Reuters. What type of the information can be received?.

To reduce the number of pages returned, use unique terms that are specific to the subject you are researching.

Terms with multiple meanings can return a lot of unwanted results. The rarely used but powerful minus operator, equivalent to a Boolean NOT, can remove many unwanted results. For example, when searching for the insect caterpillar, references to the company Caterpillar, Inc. will also be returned. Use Caterpillar -Inc to exclude references to the company or Caterpillar -Inc -Cat to further refine the search.

Using quotation marks around a phrase will return only those exact words in that order. It's one of the best ways to limit the pages returned. Example: "Be nice to nerds".Of course, you must have the phrase exactly right — and if your memory is as good as mine, that can be problematic.

Common terms like a and the are called stop words and are usually ignored. Punctuation is also typically ignored. But there are exceptions. Common words and punctuation marks should be used when searching for a specific phrase inside quotes. There are cases when common words like the are significant. For instance, Raven and The Raven return entirely different results.

After searching you can get a list of articles on request. The first in the list will be the articles that are the most similar for the given query.
you can get information about the magazine in which this article is published.
You can find the Impact Factor Journal.
and you can find out the author's Hirsch index

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