Exercise 7. Put the verb into the correct Passive form.

1. She can’t use her office at the moment. It ___ (paint).

2. The washing machine was broken, but it’s OK now. It ___ (repair).

3. The washing machine ___ (repair) yesterday afternoon.

4. A factory is a place where things ___ (make).

5. How old are these houses? When ____ (they / build)?

6. ___ (the computer / use ) at the moment?

7. I’ve never seen these flowers before/ what ____ (they / call)?

8. The bridge is closed at the moment. It _________ (damage) last week and 

it ___ (not / repair) yet.

9. Chinese ___ (speak) in Singapore.

10. I realised I ___ (follow).

11. ___  (you / invite) to Andy’s party

12. Passengers ___ (ask) not to speak to the driver.

13. A Roman pavement ___ (just / find) under Oxford Street.

Exercise 8. Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Begin with the words in bold. Write … by … only when necessary.

Thieves robbed awoman.

A woman was robbed.

1. They offered William a promotion.

2. They are testing the new system.

3. Someone reported that the riot was under control.

4. They may ban the film.

5. We haven't used the car for ages.

6. All visitors must wear identity badges.

7. The news about the exam results distressed her.

8. Nobody informed him that there had been a mistake.

9. Somebody will tell you where to go.

10. A drunken motorist knocked her down.

11. The company has cut all salaries.

10. Shakespeare wrote ‘Hamlet’.

11. They are repairing your car now.

12. People in Chile speak Spanish.

19. Has anybody asked Peter?

20. They don't sell stamps in bookshops.

21. The directors are still considering your application.

22. Electricity drives this car.

23. Her mother woke her up at seven o’clock.

24. The boys walk the dog every morning.

Exercise 9. Translate into Russian.

1. It is thought that the Minister will resign.

2. She is thought to have left home.

3. He is believed to be in Wales.

4. She is said to work 18 hours a day.

5. The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it.

6. Mark is supposed to have hit a policeman, but I don’t believe it.

7. The company is expected to make a loss this year.

Exercise 10.  Make these sentences passive.

People believed that fresh air was bad for sick people.

It was believed that fresh air was bad for sick people.

1. Police think the man holding the hostages is heavily armed.

2. We expect that the rate of inflation will rise.

3. They say he is somewhere in Germany.

4. Somebody saw Harris leave the plane in Ontario.

5. People think that she died in a plane crash.

6. People believed that the earth was the centre of the universe.

7. They think that there is oil under Windsor Castle.

8.

Exercise 11. Translate into Russian.

1. Сообщается, что президент может отложить свой визит.

2. Сообщается, что несколько человек пострадали в этом происшествии.

3. Полагают, что он самый богатый человек в стране.

4. Известно, что директор против этого плана.

5. Ожидалось, что мэр города одобрит новый проект.

Things to do

Task 1.  Give your arguments for and against the following saying.

- There is no option to book accommodation in Britain for travelling on the cheap.

 Task 2. Work in small groups. Role-play the situation: You want to visit Great Britain as a tourist. Discuss with your friends the following points.

· the town where you will stay

· the choice of accommodation

· the duration of your staying

Remember to:

· discuss all the options

· take an active part in the conversation and be polite

· come up with ideas

· give reasons

· ask for your friend’s opinion and agree or disagree with him/her come to an agreement.

UNIT 10

LONDON

Travel makes a wise man better, but a fool worse.

 Rome was not built in a day.

                                                              East or West, home is best.

Assignments

Task 1. Translate the words into Russian and write the words they are formed from.

Destruction, drawings, magnificently, architectural, impressive, personalities, enjoyable, largest, visitors, anti-pigeon, cleaning, different, variety, double-decker, reconstruction, one-eyed, closely.

Read and translate the text

London is one of the world’s most enjoyable cities. It is on the beautiful river Thames. Visited by tourists in the millions, the city offers them an astonishing variety of scenes. Little damage occurred during World War I, but World War II brought tremendous destruction. Many buildings of great historic value were laid in ruins and today the face of London is changed. London has buildings that express all the different areas of its history. Many places in London are closely connected with the crown. They are: royal palaces, royal parks, roads and streets where beautiful ceremonies are hold.

Buckingham Palace

The most important building is Buckingham Palace; it is the official residence of Queen Elizabeth II. Buckingham Palace opens the doors of its State Rooms to the public every summer. Originally acquired by King George III for his wife Queen Charlotte, Buckingham House was increasingly known as the 'Queen's House' and 14 of George III's children were born there. On his accession to the throne, George IV decided to convert the house into a palace and employed John Nash to help him extend the building. Queen Victoria was the first sovereign to live here (from 1837). The State Rooms are now still used by the Royal Family to receive and entertain guests on State and ceremonial occasions. Visitors can admire some of the more unusual gifts received by the current Queen, including drawings by Salvador Dali, an embroidered silk scarf from Nelson Mandela and a grove of maple trees. Decorated in lavish fashion, the rooms include paintings by Rembrandt, Rubens, Canaletto, Vermeer and some of the finest English and French furniture in the world. The Ball Supper Room, the setting for a host of sparkling events in the history of the palace, 29-acre gardens and annual exhibitions are all also available to visitors.

Houses of Parliament

The centre of Westminster Bridge, one can have a splendid view of the Houses of Parliament which spread magnificently on the north bank of Thames. The Houses of Parliament, called officially the Palace of Westminster, were formerly a palace for kings and queens. This structure is a remarkable example of Gothic architecture.

Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey is a national shrine where kings and queens are crowned and famous people are buried. Founded by Edward the Confessor in 1050, the Abbey was a monastery for a long time. Near the West Door of the Abbey the Unknown Warrior lies in a simple grave commemorating the men who died in the First World War.

St. Paul’s Cathedral

St. Paul’s Cathedral has always dominated the centre of London. Londoners have a particular affection for St. Paul’s, which is the largest Protestant Church in England.

The present structure is the fifth cathedral to be built on the site. The weddings of the Prince and Princess of Wales, the funeral of Sir Winston Churchill and many other occasions have graced this spiritual centre. The largest bell in England is here. After four years obscured by scaffolding the interior of St Paul’s Cathedral was fully revealed on Thursday, 9 June 2008 at 9.30am after a £10.8 million programme of cleaning and repair.

Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is the natural center of London. The square was so named to commemorate Nelson’s victory at the Battle of Trafalgar, and the monument in the centre, known as Nelson’s Column, is surmounted with a Statue of Nelson 16 feet high. On the north side of the square are the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery.

Nelson`s Column

Raised in 1843 and now one of London`s best-loved monuments, commemorates the one-armed, one-eyed admiral who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, but paid for it with his life. The statue which surmounts the granite column is more than triple life-size but still manages to appear minuscule, and is coated in anti-pigeon gel to try and stem the build-up of guano. The acanthus leaves of the capital are cast from British cannons, while bas-reliefs around the base – depicting three of Nelson`s earlier victories as well as his death aboard HMS Victory – are from captured French armaments. Edwin Landseer`s four gargantuan bronze lions guard the column and provide a climbing frame for kids to clamber over. 14 stonemasons held a dinner on top of Nelson`s Column before the statue was placed there. Every year, London receives as a gift huge Christmas tree from Norwegian city of Oslo.

The Tower of London

The Tower of London was one of the first and most impressive castles after the Norman invasion of England in 1066. Thousands years ago William the Conqueror decided to build a strong fortress to protect the City of London, which he had just conquered. The Tower of London has been used for different aims: as a royal palace, an observatory, an arsenal, a state prison. Now it is a museum. The Clock Tower, which contains the hour-bell called “Big Ben”, is known the world over.

Piccadilly Circus

During the weekend this place is absolutely packed with people. Nightlife is in abundance here, especially with nightclubs like the Hippodrome, MGM Cinema, local pubs and bars, people trying to draw your picture and the Trocadero centre. Inside the Trocadero is Segaworld the world`s largest indoor theme park, spanning seven floors and offering you all kinds of 21st Century games.

Shakespeare`s Globe Theatre

The biggest crowds currently to be found along Bankside are milling around this place, a spectacular reconstruction of the polygonal playhouse where most of the Bard`s later works were first performed. The theatre, which boasts the first thatched roof in London since the Great Fire, uses only natural light and the minimum of scenery, and currently puts on shows from mid-May to mid-September. Also on site are a restaurant, cafe, cinema and, inevitably, a shop selling lots of Bard merchandise.

Covent Garden

What started out in the seventeenth century as London`s first luxury neighbourhood is once more a highly desirable place to live, work and shop. Based around Inigo Jones`s piazza – London`s oldest planned square – the area had for years been a market centre for fruit and vegetables. That was closed in 1974 and for a while it looked as if the developers would move in on this prime central real estate and demolish it all for unwanted new office blocks. These plans collapsed and now it is the elegant old market hall, and shops, restaurants and arts-and-crafts stalls. It has become one of London`s major tourist attractions, which now boast some of the trendiest clothes shops, cafes and restaurants in London.

Downing Street

It is an office for the prime minister, a meeting place for the Cabinet, a venue for state events and a home for the prime minister's family. While in office, prime ministers traditionally live with their families in Downing Street in the private flat on the second floor.

The Charles Dickens Museum

It is the world's most important collection of material relating to the great Victorian novelist and social commentator. Synonymous with Victorian England, this is the only surviving London home of Dickens (from 1837 until 1839), author of such classics as 'Oliver Twist', 'A Christmas Carol' and 'David Copperfield'. The museum was opened here in 1925 and is still welcoming visitors from all over the world to its authentic and inspiring surrounding. On four floors, visitors can see paintings, rare editions, manuscripts, original furniture and many items relating to the life of one of the most popular and beloved personalities of the Victorian Age.

Neasden Temple

Situated off the North Circular Road in Neasden is truly one of the best places in London. Visiting this place men and women have to dress decently: no short skirts, shorts, see through garments etc. Admission is free. The whole process of building this temple is astonishing; five thousands of tons of limestone and marble from different parts of Europe was shipped out to India, carved there and brought back to London.

Royal parks

There are ten royal parks in and around London. For example: Hyde Park, Regents Park, London Zoo, etc. Each park has its own character. In summer on open-air theatre which gives performances of Shakespear’s plays.

British Library

After fifteen years of problems and millions of public money spent, the library finally opened its doors to the public in the spring of 1998. The sheer number of books inside will take your breath away. This is actually the largest library in London.

Changing the Guard

There are actually two ceremonies at separate places. The more popular venue is Buckingham Palace where at 11.30 am on most days The Queen`s Guard, accompanied by a band, arrives from Wellington Barracks having marched via Bird Cage Walk to the palace. The ceremony lasts about 40 min. and takes place inside the railings of the palace. A separate ceremony also takes place daily throughout the year at Horse Guards Parade in Whitehall at 11am Mon-Sat and 10am on Sun.

Visitors to London can count on hundreds of London activities and sights, spanning a variety of categories, to satisfy even the most adventurous of spirits. Since the 18th century, England has been one of the main cultural centers of Europe. There's no other country in the world where architectural style is a matter of royal concern. Those interested can catch a glimpse of most of the main sights within two hours from the top of one of London’s famous double-decker buses.

Words and expressions

to astonish – удивлять

damage – вред, повреждение

closely – близко, тесно

occasion – случай

splendid – великолепный

view – вид

to bury – хоронить

wedding – свадьба,

to defeat – наносить повреждение

to provide – снабжать

gift – подарок, талант

spectacular – захватывающий

neighbourhood – соседство

desirable – желательный

to survive – пережить, выжить

beloved – возлюбленный, любимый

to accompany – сопровождать, сопутствовать

double-decker bus – двухэтажный автобус