Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням. Environmental Protection

       Economists have long thought of the environment as an unlimited source of resources. They have thought that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable of absorbing all the rubbish the economy throws into them. In fact, the economy and the environment are closely related. The environment supplies the economy with all its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil. The environment has to absorb all its waste products.

       Nevertheless, some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources. For example, pumping waste gases from a power station does not get rid of them. The waste gases cause acid rain; this leads to forest damage and therefore reduces the resources of forestry industry.

       There are many consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is acid rain. Another is water shortage resulting from abuse of arable lands in agriculture. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from factories and plants. The fourth problem is damage to water and soils. The fifth one is damage to wildlife: numerous species of animals and plants can disappear. Lastly, the most serious danger arising from damaging the environment is the result of the above-mentioned consequences. This is the danger for the life and health of the man.

       The territories of the CIC are suffering many environmental problems. Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities. Apart from the effect of the Chernobyl disaster, the worst problem is probably in the area around the Aral Sea. Cotton growing in the region has used huge quantities of water, and the sea's level has fallen by 14 yards. This destroyed fishing industry and led to damage in soils, crops and wildlife.

       If we are unable to learn how to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by man's activities, very soon we'll have no world to live in.

1. Answer the following questions.

1. What have many economists thought of environment?

2. Why do some economists think that pollution damages the resources?

3. What are the consequences of damaging the environment?

4. What environmental problems do the territories of the CIC suffer?
5. What could happen if we don't learn to use the environment carefully?

2. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. Economists have never thought of the environment as an unlimited source of resources.

2. The environment doesn't supply the economy with its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil.

3. Some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources.

4. The waste gases don't cause acid rain.

5. There are many consequences of damaging the environment.

3. Translate into English.

1. Навколишнє середовище - це невичерпне джерело ресурсів.

2. Навколишнє середовище забезпечує економіку ресурсами.

3. Забруднення навколишнього середовища викликає кислотний дощ.

4. Викиди відходів у повітря порушують озоновий шар Землі.

5. Ми повинні навчитися бережливо використовувати навколишнє середовище.

6. Надмірне використання земель призводить до нестачі водних ресурсів.

1. Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.

26. Як найчастіше утворюються прислівники?

  27. Чи мають прислівники ступені порівняння? Наведіть приклад.

 Answer the questions using the comparative degree of the adverbs.

1. Does Peter drive the car as carefully as Tom? 2. Does a taxi run as fast as a bus? 3. Did Jane speak as calmly as Helen? 4. Did you come as late as your brother? 5. Does Nick speak English as slowly as Peter? 6. Does Susan speak French as well as her mother? 7. Does Harry get up as early as his father? 8. Does Jack do his grammar exercises as carelessly as he did last year?

28. В якому випадку в Present Indefinite до інфінітива одається закінчення -s або -es?

29. Як утворюється питальна і заперечна форми в Present Indefinite?

30. Яку роль відіграють дієслова to be, to have у побудові англійських речень?

31. Коли вживається Past Indefinite? Наведіть приклади речень з Past Indefinite.

32. Чи вживається Future Indefinite у підрядних реченнях часу й умови?

33. Назвіть скорочені форми відповідей у запереченнях в Future Indefinite.

Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets.

1. Devonshire is a very lovely country when it … rain (don’t; doesn’t).2. What … you want to know, Inspector (do, does)? 3. I … … in that story for a minute (don’t believe/ doesn’t believe). 4. His wife … a headache and has gone to lie down (have; has). 5. Well, they … a very nice young couple (seem;seems) 6. She … an excellent secretary (is,am,are). 7. Lucy and I … there two years ago (is/are/was/were). 8. I should like to tell you what … 18 month ago (happen; happens; happened). 9 I … … anything to make him mad, I promise (don’t say/ doesn’t say/won’t say) 10. You’ve no business to sit up so late. You … … very sleepy tomorrow morning (is/are/shall be/ will be).

Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Present Indefinite.

1 Jane will look after her little brother till her mother (come) back. 2. We (to go) to the theatre the day after tomorrow if we (to get) tickets. 3. As soon as the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils will stand up. 4. Wait for me till I (return). 5. We (not to go) on an excursion tomorrow, if the weather (to be) nasty. 6. The children (to stay) at home next Sunday if it (to rain). 7. Don’t get off the tram before it (to stop). 8. We’ll go to the Carpathians after we (to pass) all our examinations.

  31.В якому випадку вживаються часи групи Continuous?

  32. Що означає дієслово to go у Present Continuous з інфінітивом іншого дієслова в реченні?

  33. Назвіть випадки вживання Past Continuous. Наведіть приклади.

  34. Як утворюється Future Continuous? Яку дію виражає?

  35. Назвіть дієслова, які не вживаються в Continuous.

Translate into English.

1. Не заходьте до тієї аудиторії. Там студенти нашої групи складають екзамен. 2. Що ви збираєтеся робити? Я поясню їм це правило. 3. Вони тренуються двічі на тиждень. 4. Я побачив тебе, коли ти біг вулицею. Куди ти поспішав?. 5. Я увійшов до кімнати, увімкнув світло і почав виконувати домашні завдання. 6. Які іноземні мови ви знаєте? Я знаю англійську. 7. Я думаю, що ви напишете мені, коли приїдете в Лондон. 8. Якщо погода бда хороша, ми поїдемо на екскурсію. 9. Куди ти йдеш? – Я йду в бібліотеку. 10. Що вона робила, коли ви прийшли до неї? – Вона вчила англійську.

Список літератури:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

Модуль самостійної роботи:

1. Узгодження часів.

2. Підготувати реферат на тему «Найвідоміші торгові марки світу».

3. Словник-мінімум (проведення ділових переговорів).

X. Змістовий модуль „Вирішення питань професійного та академічного характеру”

Практичне заняття № 1

Тема: Стан та перспективи розвитку галузі.( 2 год)

1. Читання, переклад та переказ тексту. Виконання після текстових вправ.

Read the texts and compare the information in section 1 and section 2.

ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE

On the one hand...,

       Science fiction films and books are full of robots that look, and even think, exactly like humans. Some people believe it will not be long before such machines become a reality. However, most advanced electronic machines still look like people. These machines cannot yet think in the same way as a person; some say theynever will. But they are able to make decisions and solve problems. An airliners automatic pilot, for example, can control the plane, even during take-off and landing.

       Computers issue detailed instructions in order to control the way robots act. The simplest robots just follow a set of instructions and repeat the same movements
again and again! Many factories rely on such robots to carry out the sort tasks
that a human worker would certainly find very boring and they can do many jobs
more rapidly and with great accuracy. Very advanced robots have sensors with which
they can collect information about their surroundings. These robots can move from
place to place, using very small television cameras to find the way. Many scientists
are convinced that robots will soon be intelligent enough to explore other planets
more effectively than humans.

Science fiction —научная фантастика; take off—взлет; landing—посадка; accuracy— точность; sensor— чувствительный элемент, датчик; humans — люди

 On the other hand...

Robots are already able to do all sorts of repetitive tasks currently performed by human beings. But the effective control remains with the human brain. No computer has yet been invented which can cope with the details of human language, And the idea of an artificial intelligence with a sense of humour and a conscience still seems a faraway dream. If, however, people believe in the faith of scientists working in the field of artificial intelligence, they will have to suspect that dreams just can become reality.

cope with— справиться; artificial intelligence — искусственный разум; conscience —совесть; sense of humour —чувство юмора

1. What is computer hacking?

2. Why do the hackers do what they do?

3. Are the companies taking the problem seriously?

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням:текст “ ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE ”.

The protection of nature has become one of the most actual problems of the 20 century. The Earth provides people with mineral resources, rivers, forests, fields — everything that makes the foundation of industrial and agricultural production. The development of industry had a bad influence on the nature of the whole world. People often do the things which pollute lands and waters greatly. It is very dangerous because it hurts the health of the people and provokes different diseases. High rates of occupational diseases are documented mostly among the coal miners. Many heavy-metal and chemical-exposure-related incidents and ill­nesses have been reported in industrialized areas, mainly in Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Lugansk.

The intensive development of industry results in air pollution. High concentrations of pollutants in ambient air, including dust oxides of nitrogen are documented in considerably higher concentrations than in previous years. Metallurgical plants in a number of cities account for most of their total air pollutants. The appearance of supersonic jet airliners has presented many problems too. These airliners use up tons of oxygen and throw out over 150,000 tons of water vapour into stratosphere every day.

The living resources of the sea are also coming to an end. We have failed to protect our seas and lakes which are dying because of reducing their raw materials. It is very important to ensure pure air, oceans and seas by improving technological processes, the quality of raw materials and fuel, to do everything possible to protect people and nature from radioactive and air pollution. The only way to overcome a catastrophe is to put the air, oceans, great seas and lakes under greater international control, perhaps under that of the United Nations.

The accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986 caused radioactive contamination of a vast area around the plant. We have to undertake drastic measures to neutralize the perilous effect of radiation on the environment. That's why environmental protection is a great concern of the Ukrainian Govern­ment. The Ministry of Environmental Protection was founded in Ukraine. Their tasks are to control the state of environment and sources of pollution, to protect the water resources of Ukraine, to extend the network of nature reserves and to maintain co-operation with international ecology organizations. Campaign for environmental protection is supported by public organizations and individuals. The Ukrainian Green Party is very active today. Zeleny Svit is the Ukrainian ecological newspaper. It calls on protection of the natural wealth and on using it in a more careful and economical manner for the benefit of the present and future generations.

Translate from Ukrainian into English:

1. Захистом навколишнього середовища піклується Український Уряд. 2. Необхідно захищати моря та озера, які помирають від забруднення. 3. Кампанії, які займаються захистом навколишнього середовища, підтримуються суспільними організаціями та деякими окремими людьми. 4. Українська екологічна газета «Зелений Світ» наголошує на необхідності захисту природного багатства нашої країни. 5. Єдиний засіб попередження катастрофи – це тримати повітря, океани та землю під постійним контролем. 6. В Україні було засноване Міністерство із Захисту Навколишнього Середовища. 7. Розвиток промисловості має поганий влив на природу всього світу.