CORPORATE HIERARCHY STRUCTURE

1. Corporations and all sorts of organizations nowadays prefer to arrange the employees within the organization in the form of a corporate hierarchy structure. A hierarchical structure is established formally with a purpose to give shape to organized activities. A well tightened hierarchical structure is easy for management. The levels in the hierarchical structure include board of directors, executive officers, vice presidents, managers, and employees at the lowest level.

2. The board of directors represent a group of people who take active role and participate actively in the decision making process of the organization. Generally board members appoint a chairman from amongst them who becomes responsible for leading the board of directors. The boards of directors in any company are the highest stockholders of the organization. Додати абзац?

3.The executive officers like CEO, CFO, and CTO are basically responsible for success and functioning of an organization. All the employees at all the levels are accountable to the executive officers; these officers participate in deciding the organizational goals & policies, and for hiring other high level officers for the organizations.

4.Vice presidents are the officials who are in charge of individual departments in the organization, like marketing, human resource, production and sales etc. They are responsible for implementing the policies of the organization and working towards the achievement of goals as decided by executive officers.

5.Below the vice presidents of the organizations, there comes the layer of managers who are in charge of certain functions in a particular department. These managers are responsible for communicating directly with employees, and executing the tasks assigned to them by upper authorities within stipulated deadlines.

6. Employees – This group constitutes the lowest level in a corporate hierarchy who actually perform tasks in the organization. These people are hired for their skills and they work for organization as directed by their managers.

Вправа № 7

Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту:

1. What is the purpose of establishing a corporate hierarchy structure?

2. What levels in a company`s hierarchical structure are known to you?

3. What are the executive officers like CEO, CFO, and CTO responsible for?

4. What are vice-presidents in charge of?

КОНТРОЛЬНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ №3.

Для того, щоб правильно виконати завдання, необхідно засвоїти такі розділи курсу англійської мови за рекомендованим підручником:

1. Функції дієслів to be, to have, to do.

2. Типи питальних речень. Спеціальні питання до підмета.

3. Граматичні функції і значення слів much, many, few, little.

4. Безсполучникове підпорядкування в означальних і додаткових реченнях.

Використайте зразки виконання вправ.

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №1

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №2

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №3

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №4

Варіант 1

Вправа № 1

Вставте дієслово to be, to haveабо to do в потрібній формі (активній або пасивній) та в потрібному часі. Перекладіть речення.

1. There … no hope of finding a solution to this problem.

2. … Sue made up her mind about university yet?

3. I … really see what you are talking about.

Вправа № 2

Перекладіть речення та поставте всі види запитань до них.

1. Nowadays people travel on business and as tourists much more than in the past.

2. Human labour produces both goods and services.

3. The terms goods and services are used to describe many things people desire.

4. He has decided to improve his business English.

5. He’s going to rebuild the website at the weekend.

Вправа № 3

Заповніть пропуски в реченнях словами “little”, “a little”, “few”, “a few”, “much” або “many”. Речення перекладіть.

1. Only … major customers can keep up with the rise of the service prices.

2. How … did the car cost?

3. How … stamps have you got in your collection?

4. Ann is very busy these days. She has … free time.

5. I'm sorry but there are … opportunities in this town.

Вправа № 4

Зробіть одне речення з двох та перекладіть його. Використовуйте слова who/that/which.

1. The profit and loss statement makes depressing reading. You received it yesterday.

2. The bookkeeper made some terrible mistakes. We hired him last year.

3. The accounts were audited two months late. You will find the accounts attached.

Вправа № 5

Перепишіть та перекладіть письмово 1-3 абзаци тексту.

Пояснення до тексту:

MARKET STRUCTURE

1. A market is a set of buyers and sellers, commonly referred to as agents, who through their interaction, both real and potential, determine the price of goods. The main aspects that determine market structures are: the number of agents in the market; their ability to set prices; the degree of concentration among them; the degree of differentiation and uniqueness of products; and the ease of entering and exiting the market. These aspects allow for the existence of several market structures, from which we can highlight the following:

2. Perfect competition is a hypothetical market where competition is at its greatest possible level. Firms produce homogeneous, identical, units of output that are not branded. There are no barriers to entry into or exit out of the market. There are a very large numbers of firms in the market. No single firm can influence the market price, or market conditions. The single firm is said to be a price taker, taking its price from the whole industry.

3. Oligopoly is the domination in the market of a few producers/ sellers. The decisions of one firm affect the profits of other firms. No firm, therefore, can take independent action without considering the reactions of other firms. It produces and sells both identical and heterogeneous products.

4. Monopoly is a market structure in which there is only one producer/seller for a product. Entry into such a market is blocked due to high costs or other impediments, which may be economic, social or political.

5. Monopolistic competition is imperfect competition where many competing producers sell products that are differentiated from one another (that is, the products are substitutes but, because of difference such as branding, not exactly alike). In monopolistic competition, a firm takes the prices charged by its rivals as given and ignores the impact of its own prices on the prices of other firms.

6. Monopsony is similar to a monopoly, but in this case there are many firms selling products, but only one buyer, the monopsonist, who will have full power when negotiating prices.

Вправа № 6

Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту:

1. What are the main aspects that determine market structures?

2. What are perfect competition and oligopoly?

3. What is the difference between monopoly and monopsony?

4. What is monopolistic competition?

Варіант 2

Вправа № 1

Вставте дієслово to be, to haveабо to do в потрібній формі (активній або пасивній) та в потрібному часі. Перекладіть речення.

1. “He brother … working in Siberia when I was very young,” my father said.

2. My parents couldn’t afford to pay for my studies that’s why I … to find a temporary job to pay my fees.

3. What time … the History class start tomorrow?

Вправа № 2

Перекладіть речення та поставте всі види запитань до них.

 1. The reason people cannot satisfy all their wants and needs is the scarcity of  productive resources.

 2. Now my sister is working in the sales department.

 3. Most of our consumers will order their products at their computers.

 4. She has had three jobs since she left university.

 5. The manager had already signed the letter when the telephone rang.

Вправа № 3

Заповніть пропуски в реченнях словами “little”, “a little”, “few”, “a few”, “much” або “many”. Речення перекладіть.

1. No matter how … money you have you can open a bank account.

2. Pam called to say she’s going to be … minutes late.

3. My lawyer advised me to say as … as possible.

4. … rivers in Europe aren’t polluted.

5. Why are you sitting here doing nothing? You have got … things to do.

Вправа № 4

Зробіть одне речення з двох та перекладіть його. Використовуйте слова who/that/which.

1. After a while, I met other people. They were used to socializing at dinner time.

2. I bought a blue suitcase yesterday. It is too large to fit in the trunk.

3. Hay-on-Wye is a charming town. It lies on the river Wye in South Wales.

Вправа № 5

Перепишіть та перекладіть письмово 1-3 абзаци тексту.

Пояснення до тексту: