HOW DOES THE STOCK MARKET WORK?

1. The stock market brings together buyers and sellers, enabling them to exchange securities, which is the group name for all investment products like shares, bonds, investment trusts and exchange traded funds.

2. While the stock exchange used to be full of traders rushing around the trading floor, buying and selling securities from one another, today most of it is done electronically, although some stock markets still have a physical trading floor. Participants in the stock market range from individuals, known as retail investors, to big institutional investors, such as fund managers, insurance companies, banks and pension funds.

3. Like any market, there are buyers and sellers and all buy and sell orders go through traders or brokers, whose job it is to match orders and get the best possible price for buyer and seller. If you place an order to buy shares in a company, for example, it will be fed into an electronic system that will try to find a match for your offer, i.e. someone willing to sell at the price that you have offered or lower.

4. The price at which you want to buy the shares is known as the bid price and the price at which a seller wants to sell the shares is known as the offer price.

5. Like anything that is being bought and sold securities are subject to the law of supply and demand, since the number of shares is limited when the number of people who want to buy them increases the price will go up. On the other hand when the number of buyers declines, or the number of people who want to sell increases then the price will go down. In theory the demand is based on how profitable the company is but in practice it is based mainly on expectations of what the company will do in the future.

6. Stock markets are of paramount importance. They provide liquidity to investors, because there are lots of market participants so you can generally buy and sell securities relatively quickly. Stock exchanges also enable businesses, governments and organizations to raise capital, in order to invest or grow, from individuals and institutions that are willing to invest money in exchange for securities that could potentially grow in value.

Вправа № 7

Дайте відповідь на запитання до тексту:

1. How can the notion of a stock market be defined?

2. What are the participants in the stock market?

3. What is the algorithm of price changes in shares in the stock market?

4. What is the role of stock markets in economy?

КОНТРОЛЬНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ №2.

Для того, щоб правильно виконати завдання, необхідно засвоїти такі розділи курсу англійської мови за рекомендованим підручником:

1. Артиклі іменника – неозначений a (an); означений the.

2. Присвійний відмінок іменника: вживання 's (s̕) та прийменника родового відмінку of.

3. Модальні дієслова та їх еквіваленти: can (could) - to be able to; may (might) – to be allowed to; must – to have toіto be to.

4. Видо-часові форми дієслова: а) активний і пасивний стан форми Continuousта Perfect (Present, Past, Future), пасивний стан форми Simple (Indefinite).

5. Інтернаціональні слова.

Використайте зразки виконання вправ.

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №1

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №2

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №3

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №4

ЗРАЗОК ВИКОНАННЯ ДО ВПРАВИ №5

Варіант 1

Вправа №1

Вставте артиклі a, an, або the, де необхідно. Перекладіть речення. 

1. I usually go to … bed at about 11 p.m. to get a good night’s sleep.

2. Have you ever been to … Copenhagen?

3. … tallest man in the world was born in the USA in 1918.

4. … financier is someone who controls or lends large sums of money.

5. I was … natural athlete as a kid.

Вправа №2

          Виберіть правильну форму присвійного відмінка іменника.                    Перекладіть речення.

1. They will get their exam results in three week’s/weeks’ time.

2. The man knocked at the door in/of the house.

3. The girl shook the men’s/man’s hand.

4. The town’s/towns’ only cinema has been closed down.

5. What is the name of the woman/woman’s I saw you with yesterday ?

Вправа № 3

Вставте необхідне модальне дієслово. Речення перекладіть.

1. I’m not going to pay five pounds for a coffee. You … be joking!

A can B must D should

2. . … you lend me $10, please?

          A Have to B Might C Can     

3. The company … go bankrupt if they don’t find a lot of money quickly!

A should B shouldn’t C might

4.  I left my purse at home. Lily, … you lend me ten dollars?

A may B could C shouldn’t

5. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you … work hard.

A must B has to C ought to

Вправа № 4.

Розкрийте дужки , вживаючи необхідну форму дієслова в пасивному стані. Речення перекладіть.

1. The message (send) tomorrow.

2. This report (not finish) in time if you don't help me.

3. The engine (test) just when the manager saw it.

4. The plan (announce) in two days.

5. The Stock Exchange of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland (form) in 1973.

Вправа № 5

Розкрийте дужки і поставте дієслово в дужках у потрібному часі групи Perfect. Перекладіть речення.

1. They (to repair) the road.

2. She (to work) hard before she received the salary.

3. In a month’s time Alec (to travel) the whole Europe.

4. The Taylors (to buy) a new house.

5. They (to look) for a house everywhere before they found the one they liked.

Вправа № 6

Перепишіть та перекладіть письмово 1-3 абзаци тексту.

Пояснення до тексту: