The main indrustrial centers of Great Britain tantum.

The main industries in Great Britain today are banking, finance, steel, oil and gas (the petrochemical and chemical industries), automobile and aircraft industries, the ship-building sector, and tourism. In Britain there are many factories and mines.

The oldest industries in Britain are fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.

British industries were developed during the Industrial Revolution which started with the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1775. During this period, coal mining was developed as well as ore mining, concentrated around Birmingham and Coventry. This area was the first industrial site in Britain, and was called the Black Country.

In the 18^th century, a lot of inventions were made in the fields of science and technology.

Since the 19^th century, after Industrial Revolution, Great Britain was called “the workshop of the world”. In the beginning of 20^th century, however, the USA, Germany, and France overtook Britain’s industry.

Since the Second World War, Britain has been a pioneer of industrial development. Some aspects of this development include the production of radars, television sets, jet planes, and nuclear power stations.

Great Britain has many natural sources for its industrial development. There are a lot of raw materials: black coal, iron ore, and oil and natural gas mined in the North Sea (the second largest place for their mining in Europe).

The main industrial area in GB is the London area, where there are many centers of manufacturing and mining.

The second industrial area is the Midland area around Birmingham which produces metal goods, electrical and engineering goods, and vehicles.

The third is Yorkshire, where the woolen industry is located in Leeds. Sheffield is known for its steel industry while Hull is one of the most important fishing ports in the world. In areas of Manchester and Lancashire, the center of the cotton goods industry is located.

The fourth industrial center is South Wales, where there is a coal mining area. Many factories have been built there that produce plastics, chemicals, and textiles.

The fifth area is Durham and Northumberland, where we can find the iron and steel industry.

The sixth area is Glasgow, also a location of the iron and steel industry. The seventh industrial area is Belfast in Northern Ireland, which is known for its shipbuilding industry.

The basic units of syntax: the phrase and the sentence

The classification of sentences :as to their structure , as to their categories

There is not only one definition of asentence, there are several.

1.

A sentence is a proposition expressedby words (something true).

A propositionis the semantic invariant of all themembers of modal and communicativeparadigms of sentences and theirtransforms.

2.

A sentence is a subject-predicatestructure.

So, a sentence is a structuralscheme.

3.

Phonological: a sentence is a flow ofspeech between 2 pauses.

The main peculiar features of the sentenceare: integrity (целостность), syntacticindependence, grammatical completeness, semantic completeness, communicativecompleteness, communicative functioning, predicativity, modality, intonationalcompleteness.

Classification of sentences:
1.

According to the types ofcommunication:
Declarative

Imperative

Interrogative

The declarative sentence expresses astatement, either affirmative or negative, and as such stands in systemicsyntagmatic correlation with the listener'sresponding signals of attention, ofappraisal (including agreement ordisagreement), of fellow-feeling.

Thestrictly declarative sentence immediatelyexpresses a certain proposition.

Therheme of the declarative sentence makesup the centre of some statement as such.

The imperative sentence expressesinducement, either affirmative or negative.

It urges the listener, in the form of requestor command, to perform or not toperform a certain action.

The strictlyimperative sentence does not express anystatement or fact, i.e. any propositionproper.

It is only based on a proposition, without formulating it directly.

There is anurge to do something (affirmativeinducement) which is founded on thesupposition that something is not done oran urge not to do something (negativeinducement) which is founded on thesupposition that something is done or maybe done.

The rheme of the imperativeutterance expresses the informativenucleus not of an exp`licit proposition, butof an inducement — a wanted (orunwanted) action together with itsreferential attending elements (objects, qualities, circumstances).

As for thethematic elements of the imperativeutterance, they are often functionallycharged with the type-grading ofinducement itself, i.e. with making it into acommand, prohibition, request, admonition, entreaty, etc.

The interrogative sentence expresses aquestion, i.e. a request for informationwanted by the speaker from the listener.

The interrogative sentence is alsoconnected with an answer, formingtogether with it a question-answerdialogue unity.

The unique quality of theinterrogative actual division is determinedby the fact that the interrogative sentenceexpresses an inquiry about informationwhich the speaker does not possess.

Therefore the rheme of the interrogativesentence, as the nucleus of the inquiry, isinformationally open (gaping).

Its functionconsists only in marking the rhematicposition in the response sentence andprogramming the content of its filler inaccord with the nature of the inquiry.

Thethematic part of the answer is usuallyzeroed since it’s already expressed in thequestion.

There is also another type of sentencesrecognised in English, the so-calledexclamatory sentence.

However, exclamatory sentences do not possess anycomplete set of qualities that could placethem on one and the same level with thethree main communicative types ofsentences.

The property of exclamationshould be considered as an accompanyingfeature within the system of the threemain communicative types.

In other words, each of the threecommunicative sentence types can berepresented in the two variants, non-exclamatory and exclamatory.

By "purelyexclamatory sentences" interjectionalexclamations of ready-made order such as"Great Heavens!"

, "Good Lord!"

, "ForGod's sake!"

, "Oh, I say!"

and the like aremeant.

2.

According to Structure

Simple

Composite

A simple sentence can be eitherdeclarative, or interrogative, or imperative.

But things are more complicated withcomposite sentences.

If both (or all) clauses making up a composite sentenceare declarative, the composite sentence isdeclarative too.

The same is with all theother types of communication.

Butsometimes composite sentences mayconsist of clauses belonging to differenttypes of communication.

Here it’ssometimes impossible to say to what typeof communication the composite sentenceas a whole belongs.