The governmental body of great britain

The Government of the United Kingdom, formally referred to as Her Majesty's Government, is the governing authority for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is also commonly referred to as simply the UK Government or the British Government[3][4]

The government is led by the Prime Minister, who selects all the remaining ministers. The prime minister and the other most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the Cabinet.[4] The government ministers all sit in Parliament, and are accountable to it. The government is dependent on Parliament to make primary legislation,[5] and since the Fixed-terms Parliaments Act 2011, general elections are held every five years to elect a new House of Commons, unless there is a successful vote of no confidence in the government or a two-thirds vote for a snap election (as was the case in 2017) in the House of Commons, in which case an election may be held sooner. After an election, the monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II) selects as prime minister the leader of the party most likely to command the confidence of the House of Commons, usually by possessing a majority of MPs.[6]

Under the uncodified British constitution, executive authority lies with the monarch, although this authority is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the prime minister and the cabinet.[7] The Cabinet members advise the monarch as members of the Privy Council. They also exercise power directly as leaders of the Government Departments.

The current prime minister is Theresa May, who took office on 13 July 2016. She is the leader of the Conservative Party, which won a majority of seats in the House of Commons in the general election on 7 May 2015, when David Cameron was the party leader; although at the last general election she failed to secure a majority government. Prior to this, Cameron and the Conservatives led a coalition from 2010 to 2015 with the Liberal Democrats, in which Cameron was prime minister.

Various types and ways of forming words

WORD-FORMATION

Word-formation is the system of derivative types of words and the process of creating new words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns. A distinction is made between two principal types of word-formation: word-derivation and word-composition.

The basic ways of forming words in word-derivationare affixation and conversion. Affixation is the formation of a new word with the help of affixes, e.g. heartless (from heart), tooverdo (from to do). Conversion is the formation of a new word by bringing a stem of this word into a different formal paradigm, e.g. a fall (from to fall), to slave (from a slave). The basic form of the original and the basic form of the derived words in case of conversion are homonymous.

Word-composition is the formation of a new word by combining two or more stems which occur in the language as free forms, e.g. door-handle, house-keeper.

Apart from principal there are some minor types of modern word-formation, i.e. shortening, blending, acronomy, sound-interchange, sound imitation, distinctive stress, and back-formation.

Shorteningis the formation of a word by cutting off a part of the word. According to the part of the word that is cut off (initial, middle or final) there are the following types of shortenings: 1) initial (or aphesis), e.g. fend (v) < defend, phone < telephone; 2) medial (or syncope), e.g. specs < spectacles, fancy < fantasy; 3) final (or apocope), e.g. ad, advert < advertisement, veg <vegetables; 4) both initial and final, e.g. flu < influenza, fridge < refrigerator.

Blending is the formation of a new word by combining parts of two words. Blends may be of two types: 1) additive type that may be transformed into a phrase consisting of complete stems combined by the conjunction and, e.g. smog – sm(oke) and (f)og; restrictive type that can be transformed into a phrase, the first element of which serves as a modifier for the second, e.g. telecast – television broadcast.

Acronomy (or graphical abbreviation) is the formation of a word from the initial letters of a word combination. There are two basic types of acronyms: 1) acronyms which are read as ordinary English words, e.g. UNESCO [ ] – the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; 2) acronyms with the alphabetic reading, e.g. BBC [ ] – the British Broadcasting Corporation.

Sound-interchange is the formation of a word due to an alteration in the phonemic composition of its root. Sound-interchange falls into two groups: 1) vowel interchange: food – to feed. In some cases vowel-interchange is combined with suffixation: strong – strength; 2) consonant-interchange: advice – to advise.

Consonant-interchange and vowel-interchange may be combined together: life – to live.

Sound imitation (or onomatoporia) is the naming of an action or a thing by a more or less exact reproduction of the sound associated with it, cf.: cock-a-doodle-do (English) – ку-ка-ре-ку (Russian). Semantically, according to the source sound, many onomatopoeic words fall into a few very definite groups: 1) words denoting sounds produced by human beings in the process of communication or expressing their feelings, e.g. chatter, babble; 2) words denoting sounds produced by animals, birds, insects, e.g. moo, crack, buzz; 3) words imitating the sound of water, the noise of metallic noise, a forceful motion, movements, e.g. splash, clink, whip, swing.

Back-formation is the formation of a new word by subtracting a real or supposed suffix from the existing words. The process is based on analogy. For example, the word to butle “to act or serve as a butler” is derived by subtraction of –er from a supposedly verbal stem in the noun butler.

Distinctive stress is the formation of a word by means of the shift of the stress in the source word, cf.: increase (n) – in crease (v), absent (adj) – ab sent (v).