What’s Your Future as a Welder?

Most workers in this occupation work full-time, sometimes in shift work, usually indoors. Those with the ability to work with high-technology welding applications may have better employment opportunities. The bulk of employment opportunities are predicted to occur in the non-electrical, machinery, construction and metal-fabricating industries. Some workers will become self-employed. Examples of companies that employ welders include: Fabricating shops; Manufacturers of structural steel and platework; Construction industries; Boilers; Heavy machinery contractors; Aircraft contractors; Ship building and other transportation contractors; Specialized welding shops.

2. Ask Yourself: Is Working as a Welder For You?

If you answered Yes to most of these questions, welder may be for you!

3. You already know what sort of skills you should have to be a welder. Now think of the answers to the following questions:

1. How long should a person be trained to become a skilled welder?

2. Do you think that a welder should be able to use all kinds of welding?

3. What is more interesting to you personally: welding techniques, welding inspection (other)?

1. Прочтите предложения, запишите в тетрадь предложения, где говорится о сварке. Обоснуйте свой выбор:
1. The circuit consists of two cables, a source of energy and other components.
2. The fabrication of iron and steel has greatly developed.
3. The increase of current results in the increase of penetration.
4. There are some methods of creating an arc.
5. The first problem was how to reconstruct and modernize the foundry shop.
6. The arc has a very high temperature and able to melt refractory metals.
7. There are two types of current: direct and alternating.
8. Penetration is a major factor in making high quality welds.
9. The technique of machining the workpiece was developed by the shop specialists.
10. A holder is connected to the electrode cable.
11. Cables connect the work and the electrode with the source of welding current.
12. The consumable electrode is hot only a conductor of electric current but is also a filler metal.
13. The arc bridge across the Irtysh River was built in 1978.
14. The knowledge of properties of the material enabled the operator to machine the work very quickly and exactly.
15. If you want to weld you should know the technique of striking and maintaining the arc.
16. Too high current results in a deep fusion or penetration.
17. The current two-year plan of reconstruction of the foundry has been discussed and adopted at the meeting.
18. The metal electrode is a filler metal and during the process of welding is deposited in a molten pool.
19. Direct current may be used under two conditions of polarity-straight and reverse.
20. To produce an alloy it is necessary to melt two or more metals and fuse them together.

Complete the sentences using the words given bellow

1. The intense heat is … by the arc.

2. The electric arc is the best … of the heat energy.
3. The arc is able to melt … metals.
4. Sometimes the arc is … between the two non-consumable electrodes.
5. There are two types of current … and …
6. The depth of fusion is named … .
7. The electrode … is used for holding an electrode.
8. When the electrode is in contact with the work, the … is completed.
9. The electric current and polarity, both … and … are an important factor in producing high quality welds.
10. The ... cables connect the … metal with a … of energy.
11. The … electrode is a conductor and at the same time a … metal.
12. Intense heating … in melting the base metal and the electrode.

3. Прочтите интернациональные слова, дайте их русские названия:
Metal, mechanical, pressure, process, intense, electric, energy, transform, temperature, concentration, industrial, zone, base, electrode, stability, factor, type, polarity, generator, special, transformer, voltage, amperage, reduce, crater, inspect, regular, cable, form, compensate, portion, contact, distance, absorb, ultraviolet, component, gas, ionize, discuss, proportion.

***

Характеристика основных сварочных процессов.

Read and remember:

New words and set – expressions

1. coalescence - соединение, слипание; сращение

2. filler material - присадочный материал

3. molten pool - ванна расплавленного металла, сварочная ванна 

4. gas flame - газовое пламя

5. solid-phase - твёрдая фаза

6. ultrasonic - ультразвуковой

7. friction - трение

8. furnace - печь

9. diffusion - 1) рассеивание 2) диффузия

10. high-current - сильноточный

11. low-voltage - низковольтный, низкого напряжения

12. discharge - разряд

13. arc column - столб дуги

14. direct current (dc) - постоянный ток

15. alternating current - (ac) переменный ток

16. layer - слой; пласт; ряд

17. molten-metal droplet - капля жидкого металла

18. inert atmosphere - инертная среда

19. annulus - тех. узкое кольцо (зазор и т. п.)

20. torch - сварочная горелка (для автоматической сварки – головка)

21. base metal - основной металл

22. residual stress - остаточное напряжение

1. Read the following text: