Упражнение № 8. Read the interview out loud.

Упражнение № 9. Sum up what Denis Mills said about manufacturing industry.

Упражнение № 10. Now read and try to understand the following text.

Public and private sectors in the UK

At the beginning of the 1980s there were many public corporations in the United Kingdom. They included British Coal, British Steel, the Post Office, British Telecom, the British Airports Authorities, British Rail and some others.

They were nationalized mostly by Labour governments for political reasons, reflecting a desire to control and plan the economy in detail and a belief in the «tightness» of public ownership as an ideal.

Some corporations became public to be rescued from bankruptcy. Thus the governments saved thousands of jobs in those firms, so the taxpayer was saved from paying out large sums to unemployed people.

Very many public corporations later became private again. But some others are still publicly owned.

A special mention should be made of British Rail. Railway tracks make a natural monopoly of the state. At the same time different companies are allowed to operate competing services on the same tracks. Thus there is a natural monopoly in track ownership but not in operating trains.

Do you know these words?

Revise Grammar appendix Lesson 7 and do the following exercises

Упражнение № 11. Say in what forms the verbs are used in the following sen­tences.

A lot of public money has been used to save the company. Many companies have been saved from bankruptcy. Analogous monopolies have long been in public ownership. Nationalization has been used as a form of regulating monopolies. A few more companies have been taken into public ownership. This company has gone bankrupt this year. The business has been sold off early this month.

Упражнение № 12. Complete the sentences paying attention to the use of the Participles I:

1) The industry was nationalized reflecting the desire of the govern­ment to control... 2) There is no monopoly in operating... 3) Here is a figure showing... 4) I like this picture showing... 5) I like this film describing... 6) Have you read the article spotlighting... 7) There is no sense in learning by heart...

Have another look at the text and...

Упражнение № 13. Find the terms in the text corresponding to these defini­tions:

1) the sector comprising central government; 2) local authorities, nationalized industries and other public corpora­tions; 3) the sector comprising households unincorporated business and companies; 4) a company which can raise permanent capital by issuing shares to the general public.

Упражнение № 14. Sum up what the text said about:

British Rail;

public companies in the UK.

Урок 8. Экономика переходного периода

Тема для УР:  Экономика страны.

Грамматика:  1) настоящее совершенное время,

             2)  причастия I, II и инфинитив,

             3)  модальный эквивалент to be to do smth,

             4)   степени сравнения прилагательных.

Тексты для чтения:                                 

                    1. Диалог: Лекция о Венгрии.

2. Текст 1: Российская Федерация.

3. Текст 2: Приватизация под сомнением.

                    4. Текст 3: Русские обсуждают вопрос о строительстве терминала в Мурманске для экспорта нефти.

Обучение написанию аннотации

Упражнение № 1. Read the following dialogue and try to understand it.

About a lecture on Hungary

Two American scholars are speaking in the Dean's room after their tutorial classes.

A:  I always bite off more than I can chew. I agreed to speak at the club next Monday. Now I won't be able to do it.

B:   Why not? What happened?

A:  I'm going to Denver that day. I forgot all about it. I don't have the heart to tell the club now. It's the second time I've done this.

B:   By the way, on what exactly were you to speak at the club?

A:  Oh, as you know, I returned from Hungary some time ago where I studied the latest trends of their economic development. And I wanted to share my observations, analysis and some predictions, too. Now that I can't come, I don't know how I can save face.

B:  Don't worry about it. They'd have to search high and low to find a better speaker. And they know it.

A:  Thank you. But I 'doubt that. I'm sure "they'd prefer someone who keeps his word.

B:   Forget it. They know you're not leading them on. They'll ask you again, I'm sure. It's hardly possible they'll be able to have a replacement. I'm sure they are interested in the topic. But don't fail them again.

Do you know these words?

Упражнение № 2. Read and translate these words having the same stem:

to share – share – stocks and shares – shareholder – shareholders' meeting; to doubt – doubt – doubtful – doubtfully – doubtless; to fail – fail – failing – failure; to prefer – preferred – preference.

Упражнение № 3. Read these words in the singular and in the plural:

analysis – analyses                                 man – men

crisis – crises                                             woman – women

house – houses                                        child – children

phenomenon – phenomena                 wife – wives

criterion – criteria                                    foot – feet

Revise Grammar! (Grammar appendix Lesson 8)

Упражнение № 4. Use the verbs in the Present Perfect Tense and say why it is necessary to use this particular tense in these sentences: