Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Он приказал, чтобы команда осталась на судне.

2. Кажется, эта статья была опубликована в журнале на прошлой неделе.

3. Я никогда не слышал, как он говорит по-английски.

4. Невозможно выйти в море в такой сильный шторм.

5. Мне бы хотелось получить всю дополнительную информацию об этом судне.

Вариант 4.

1. Translate the following text into Russian in writing:

ARC WELDING

In arc welding the workplaces are not melted by a flame. They are melted by an electric arc. In order to create the arc, a powerful electric current must be provided.

The current must be at least 60 A, otherwise the arc will not create enough heat. For thicker workpieces, the current may be 250 A. In order to cany this current, the cables from the transformer should be quite thick or else they will overheat.

To supply the necessary current the transformer is used and to complete the electric circuit an earth clamp is used, which is attached to the workpiece. Then the current flows around the circuit and the arc appears. It must be securely attached, otherwise an arc will appear between the clamp and the workpiece. To strike the arc, the transformer should be switched on first.

The electrode holder contains an electrode rod which provides the filler metal to join the workpieces. As the current flows between the
electrode and the workpiece, the tip of the electrode melts and falls onto the
workpiece. The electrode must be moved across the joint continuously, if it
is moved too quickly neither the electrode nor the workpiece will melt.

While choosing an electrode type it is necessary to know:

a.      Position to which the workpiece is to be welded.

b.     Type and thickness of metal used.

c.      Type of welding current.

d.     Class of work: deep penetration, surface quality, etc.

2. Answerthefollowingquestions:

1. How are the workpieces melted in arc welding?

2. How is the arc created?

3. What is the transformer used for?

4. Why must the electrode be moved across the joint continuously?

5. What will happen if the earth clamp is not securely attached?

3. Find the Russian equivalents in the right hand column:

4. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. To create the air, a powerful electric current must be provided.

2. To supply the necessary current the transformatoris used and to complete the electric current an earth clamp is used.

3. The electrode holder contains an electrode rod which provides the filler metal to join the work pieces.

4. It is necessary to know type and thickness of metal used.

5. The cast components must be of limited weight and volume to simplify the casting procedure.

6. The first vessel in the world to be built with diesel electric operation was the tanker “Vandal”.

7. To avoid by the “fog” some engines use dry sump.

8. An oil filter is used to prevent dirt from passing into the engine.

9. Air evaporates some of the raw water on the coil surface to cool the jacket water within.

10.  The machine to be tested in our library was constructed by our students.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Этот вопрос, по видимому, представляет для них большой интерес.

2. Я бы хотел, чтобы вы узнали точный адрес этой фирмы.

3. Я представлял, что этот город гораздо больше.

4. Невозможно отремонтировать двигатель за такой короткий срок.

5. Казалось, что он доволен нашей работой.

Вариант 5.

1. Translate the following text into Russian in writing:

NON-CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE ARC WELDING

As a non-consumable electrodes tungsten or carbon electrodes can be used. In gas-tungsten arc welding a tungsten electrode is used in place of the metal electrode used in shielded metal-arc welding. A chemically inert gas, such as argon, helium ['hidism], or carbon dioxide is used to shield the metal from oxidation. The heat from the arc formed between the electrode and the metal melts the edges of the metal. Metal for the weld may be added by placing a bare wire in the arc or the point of the weld. This process can be used with nearly all metals and produces a high-quality weld. However, the rate of welding is considerably slower than in other processes. Gas-Metal Arc In gas-metal welding, a bare electrode is shielded from the air by surrounding it with argon or carbon dioxide gas and sometimes by coating the electrode with flux. The electrode is fed into the electric arc, and melts off in droplets that enter the liquid metal of the weld seam. Most metals can be joined by this process. Submerged Arc Submerged-arc welding is similar to gas-metal arc welding, but in this process no gas is used to shield the weld. Instead of that, the arc and tip of the wire are submerged beneath a layer of granular, fusible material that covers the weld seam. This process is also calledelectroslag welding. It is very efficient but can be used only with steels.

Resistance Welding.

In resistance welding, heat is obtained from the resistance of metal to the flow of an electric current. Electrodes are clamped on each side of the parts to be welded, the parts are subjected to great pressure, and a heavy current is applied for a short period of time.

2. Answerthefollowingquestions:

1. Where is a tungsten electrode used?

2. Why is a chemically inert gas used?

3. How may metal for the weld be added?

4. How is a bare electrode from the air shielded?

5. What process is calledelectroslag welding?

3. Find the Russian equivalents in the right hand column:

4. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The cast iron bedplate and main engine frame are kept in compression by tie-rods to avoid tensile stresses.

2. Camshaft bearings are split in two to allow both camshaft and bearings to be removed sideways.

3. To improve the scavenging efficiency, different scavenge arrangements were tested.

4. Cooling is also provided for the exhaust manifold to prevent high temperature.

5. To transfer heat from one fluid to another a heat exchanger is used.

6. To promote successful combustion inside the cylinder is very important for high efficiency.

7. A chemically inert gas is used to shield the metal from oxidation.

8. Electrodes are clamped on each side of the parts to be welded.

9. To help bring the fuel and air together modern engines often depart from the flat shape of the piston crown and cylinder head.

10.  The regulator or expansion valve is a valve to control or regulate the flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Я не думаю, что необходимо осматривать ваше судно.

2. Мы не ожидали, что судно прибудет так поздно.

3. Я часто слышал, как он рассказывал о своих рейсах.

4. Капитан хотел, чтобы товары были погружены немедленно.

5. Необходимо объяснить это правило еще раз, чтобы студенты поняли его лучше.