Playing with money makes children selfish, study finds

RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY

OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

“PYATIGORSK STATE UNIVERSITY”

in

TRANSLATING

PYATIGORSK - 2017

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ

РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФГБОУ ВО

«ПЯТИГОРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

ИНСТИТУТ ЛИНГВИСТИКИ, КОММУНИКАЦИОННОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА ИИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

Кафедра английской филологии

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО ПЕРЕВОДУ

С АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

(на материалах из художественных произведений британских и американских авторов и газетных статей)

ПЯТИГОРСК - 2017

Lifesaver in Translating. Учебное пособие по переводу с английского на русский язык (на материале произведений британских и американских авторов). Пятигорск: Пятигорский государственный университет, 2017. – с. 156.

Пособие содержит аутентичные тексты рассказов британских и американских авторов, которые сопровождаются разнообразными заданиями и упражнениями, направленными на развитие навыков перевода художественных текстов и совершенствование практики межкультурного общения. Оно предназначено для студентов и преподавателей, занимающихся переводом в области образования и прикладной лингвистики.

Пособие может быть использовано в курсе теории и практики перевода, а также в различных профессионально-ориентированных практикумах.

Составители: Васютин Ю.А.,

                    Аксельруд Д.А.

Рецензенты: канд. филол. наук, доцент Л.И. Миляева (зав. кафедрой

                  профессионально ориентированного английского языка,

                  ВШПУИМ, ПГУ);

                  доктор филол. наук, профессор В.Г. Локтионова (профессор кафедры

                  теории и практики перевода, ИПиМ, ПГУ).

© Ю.А. Васютин, Д.А. Аксельруд, 2017

© ФГБОУ ВО «ПГУ», 2017

CONTENTS

Unit 1. Bill Naughton.

       The first Day At School…………………………………………………….4

Unit 2. E.V. Lucas.

       A Different Kind Of School……………………………………………....13

Unit 3. A. Brookner. 

       Ruth At College…………………………………………………………...21

Unit 4. E. W. Segal.

       Love Story……………………………………………………...…………33

Unit 5. J. D. Salinger.

       The Catcher in the Rye……………………………………………………44

Unit 6. Anita Tan.

       Rules Of The Game……………………………………………………….57

Unit 7. Evelyn Waugh.

       Decline and Fall……………………………………………………….…..70                                             

Unit 8. Bel Kaufman

       Up The Down Staircase…………………………………………………...82

 Unit 9. Gary D. Schmidt

        The Wednesday Wars………………………………………………….…98

Unit 10. The Wednesday Wars (Continued)………………………………….…112

Unit 11. R. Gordon.

         Doctor In The House………………………………………………..….125

Unit 12. Charlotte Bronte.

         Jane Eyre……………………………………………………………….140

UNIT I

Bill Naughton –his full name was William John Francis Naughton—was a popular ‘working class’ author and playwright who was born in Ballyhaunis, County Mayo, Ireland in June 1910 and died in early January 1992 in Ballasalla, Isle of Man. He worked as a weaver, coal-bagger and lorry-driver, enjoying a variety of experience and knowledge before starting to write with a rare honesty and perception about ‘ordinary’ people. Although ‘Alfie’ is the play with which he will always be associated, mostly because of the film starring Michael Caine He was a prolific writer of quality work which included such notable plays as ‘My Flesh My Blood’, ‘All In Good Time’; plus novels, short stories and children’s books. Two other plays were made into films –‘Spring and Port Wine’, and ‘The Family Way’. His work also included ‘A Roof over Your Head’, and short story collections such as ‘Late Night on Watling Street’ ‘The Bees Have Stopped Working’, and ‘The Goalkeeper’s Revenge’. In 1957 he wrote the novel “One Small Boy” – a semi-autobiographical novel about the problems of children.

One Small Boy.

The three of them (the mother and her two boys) were still waiting in the play- ground when at last they heard the Master’s footsteps.

“I’m sorry to have kept you waiting,” said Mr Victor

“Not at all, sir” the mother said.

Mr Victor led the party into the school.

The place had a musty smell, floors and stairs were worn down, and there were dark turnings lit by gas lamps. Outside a room marked Headmaster, on the first floor, two boys stood politely to attention.

“Yes? Mr. Victor spoke softly to them.

“Miss Skegham sent us to you, sir,” said the smaller one raising his hand aloft as he spoke.

“What for?”

“Fighting, sir.”

“I’ll attend to you both later,” he said. “Wait there.”

  He led the way into the room, gave the mother a chair, and he sat at a table. He took their names and ages.

“William, you’ll go to Mr Denning’s class, it’s Standard V, and you, Michael, until you make your First Communion – had better remain with Miss Twining. The boys in her class are younger than you, but you’ll move up later.”

He was leading them up to the classroom on the next floor when a shouting and running was heard on the landing above. Then a boy came rushing down the stairs, his hand on the wooden rail, and moving so fast that he was like a bird in flight as he went past. There was a glimpse of two small eyes and a head of short black hair, and an apology as he disappeared.

“Please, may I pass, sir!” Heavy footsteps sounded, and a middle-aged man, wearing thick spectacles, came down the stairs.

“O, sir” he cried on seeing Mr Victor, “Griddle’s escaped!”

“Escaped, Mr Wimpole?” said Mr Victor.

“He ate the apple, sir, I mean the one I had provided for drawing lesson. He got away, sir.”

“I’m afraid you won’t catch him now,” said Mr Victor.

***

Michael gave a light nervous knock on the classroom door, lifted the latch and entered. A woman with an oval face turned from the class of boys.

“I was sent here to you, Miss,” he said huskily. “I’m new and my name is Michael M’Cloud. I’ll be older than the other boys here, but I haven’t my First Communion made.”

“Very well, Michael,” she said. “Go and sit next to James Higley.”

James, a cross-eyed boy, gave him a smile.

“Now, boys, take out your books for sums.”

Miss Twining gave Micky a new sum book, blotting paper and a pen, and he shared an inkwell with James. Multiplication sums were chalked on the blackboard.

“Now, you may start,” said Miss Twinings. The sums on the board were very easy, but he had used a slate before and the pen and ink felt complicated to him.

“Put your name on your book for a start,” said James. He nodded and took up the pen in his thick fingers.

“Try to keep the knuckle down, Michael,” he heard the teacher say, and then he felt her stooping down over him. Her delicate hand took firm hold of his fist and began to guide his own shaky one along the paper.

“Michael M’Cloud” he wrote and a warm feeling of gratitude to her filled him. The bell sounded in the corridor and the boys stood up and marched in orderly manner from the room.

After they had drawing and Miss Twining said: “You will all draw from memory this morning, and remember, I shall make an example of any boy I catch using a rubber. Above all no talking and no copying.”

And with these words she went out of the classroom.

Most boys started drawing at once, whilst a few gazed at the backs of other boys’ hands, and others looked down at their drawing books with faces screwed up, and others bit their lip as they thought.

Micky looked down at the greyish naked sheet before him… A drawing from memory – he didn’t know what it meant, but he had to do something and slowly he began to draw the profile of a man. That was soon done, for he was skilled at it. He decided to give the man a moustache. As he was doing this he felt a violent jabbing at his elbow and he looked to see the boy next to him pick up the drawing and show it around.

“Just see what this chap’s done. He’s drawn a man’s face.” Some boys laughed and others shook their heads in pity. A boy on the front bench felt down in his pocket and brought out a tiny red rubber.

“Here, quick, rub it out,” he said, “before you catch it.”

Micky began to rub out the drawing, removing at the same time all traces of the use of a rubber.

“But what have I to draw?” he said.

“A tulip,” said the boy next him.

“What’s that like?”

“One of them flowers toffs have in long vases. Practically, all stalk – that’s the beauty of them. At the top they’re like an eggcup.”

”Isn’t there something else?”

“No, nothing,” said another boy. “She’s infatuated with flowers, and we all have to draw ‘em.”

Here the door opened and Miss Twining entered. Micky bent down to his drawing.

Some minutes later the bell sounded in the corridor, and the boys put down their pencils. A monitor came round to collect the papers, and when he took Micky’s he said: “What’s that - a cabbage?” And at his words Micky suddenly became aware of the fact that when drawing the tulip the image that had been in his mind was a cabbage.

Naughton Bill, One Small Boy, Longman, 1971,p.p. 10-14.

Notes.

First Communion is a ceremony in some Christian traditions during which a person first receives the Holy Communion (Bread and Wine). It typically occurs between the ages of seven and thirteen.

Standard V – the fifth form in ordinary school.

Ø TRANSLATION TIPS

A). Translate the following paying attention to

conditional clauses.

B).Translate the following sentences with WHILST.

1. So far, whilst he is in constructive dialogue with these Governments, he has not yet received any official positive response. 2. The costs, whilst significant, are not beyond reach but will require significant investments in upstream and downstream infrastructure. 3. Katrina can assist me in finding Hawley whilst you two find McKenna. 4. We had

1.I share your opinion. 2.They shared the last cookie. 3.Shall we share the driving?4.All of us had a share in making the decision. 5.We'll share it on a fifty-fifty basis. We share the domestic chores. 6.He gypped me out of my share. 7.The three of us shared a taxi. 8.They offered 40 cents a share. 9.He necked a good share of beer. 10.I don't grudge paying my share. 11.We share a commitment to human rights.12.Bill and I shared an office for years. 13.The company's share price dived 19 % overnight. 14.She has had her fair share of tragedies in her life. 15.Share prices will be down until the economy recovers.

JMEDIA LOG

Playing with money makes children selfish, study finds

The Bible warns that the love of money is the root of all evil, but merely letting children touch notes and coins makes them less helpful, a study has found.

The behavior of children as young as three can change dramatically if they handle money even for a short time.

In two experiments, researchers found that those who played with money went on to be ‘more selfish, less helpful, and less generous’ in subsequent tasks – which tested their willingness to carry out tasks to help others, and to share – than those who had not first played with money.

The study, conducted by the University of Illinois at Chicago, said the children ‘took more rewards for themselves and were less inclined to give away their toys to other children’.

The Daily Telegraph, 27.06.2016