Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот. Употребите соответствующие придаточные предложения.

1. The experiment having been over, the professor left the laboratory. 2. The professor spoke on the development of power system, the lecture being illustrated by diagrams. 3. The work having been completed, we went home. 4. It being very cold, I made my mind not to go out. 5. The atomic ice-breaker has many advantages over conventional ice-breakers, the greatest being the length of the time it can go without refueling. 6. The translation of the article having been finished, I showed it to the teacher. 7. The condition of work being very hard, the labour productivity is very low. 8. The lectures being over, we went home. 9. The professor having finished his lecture, we began to discuss it. 10. The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. 11. The difficulties having been overcome, we went on making further experiments. 12. The book being interesting, we read it with pleasure. 13. Our friends having helped us, we proceeded with our work. 14. There being no trams at that hour, we had to walk. 15. The professor walked into the lecture hall, the students following him. 16. The dictionaries having been brought, the students started translating articles from the new magazines. 17. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. The West introducing new discriminatory measures, the developing countries have to implement their complicated economic tasks in an unfavorable international situation. 2. The number of EEC members growing, its social and economic disproportion also tend to increase. 3. During economic crises the industrial production is driven backwards, with many millions of workers becoming unemployed. 4. Trade depends upon the efficiency of the means of transport, the expansion of trade having gone hand in hand with the development of transport. 5. The development of international monopolies is sped up by changes in the positions of different states, their spheres of influence shrinking under the impact of the world political situation. 6. The advantages of free economy are most clearly seen in the high rate of economic development, the volume of industrial production steadily increasing from year to years. 7. The inflation having spread all over the country, it became an active economic and political problem. 8. Both economic and political cooperation in EEC remains unstable, the present division of the EEC countries into “poor” and “rich” having become a source of serious conflicts. 9. The economic efficiency of investments in science has grown sharply, with research becoming an essential component of the production process. 10. Transnational corporations today resort to concealed forms of penetration into the newly emergent countries, their aim remaining to get as much profit as possible. 11. The natural environment and mineral wealth being increasingly depleted, everything must be done to spare the mineral and raw material resources.

Раскройте скобки и переведите их содержимое на английский язык,  используя независимый причастный оборот.

1. (Когда покупки были сделаны) she caught the midday bus to Buckjand. 2. (Так как платье было длинное) I spent most of the afternoon fixing it. 3. (Так как судно быстро погружалось в воду) There wasn’t a moment to lose. 4. (Так как день был по-настоящему солнечный и теплый) I told them they could take there lunch and eat it in the park. 6. (Когда двери и окна были закрыты) he sat down to enjoy his favourite T.V. show. 7. (Так как дети устали и были возбуждены) she had a harder time than usual putting them to bed. 8. (Когда решение было принято) nothing could make her give it up. 9. (Так как ночь была темная и туманная) we missed the right turning and had to go back.

                             Условные предложения

                                       Conditional sentences

Существует три типа условных предложений.  

Тип 1:
Это условное предложение, основанное на реальном действии в реальном времени. Оно используется для описания определенных или возможных ситуаций, но может также выражать универсальные истины или привычные действия. Схема такого предложения выглядит так:

Реальное время:
If yougoright now you will not miss –   Если пойдешь прямо сейчас,
 the show.                                                  то не пропустишь шоу.     

Общеизвестная истина:
If you eattoo much sweet stuff,–                 Еслибудешь есть слишком много

you will get overweight.                               сладостей ,-растолстеешь.

                                                                   (наберешь лишний вес).

Тип 2:
Такие предложения выражают нереальные действия, которые относятся к настоящему или будущемувремени. Схема такого предложения следующая:

Ifthe weather werenice, I would go Если бы (сейчас) была хорошая погода,

to the beach.                                          я бы пошел на пляж.

Тип 3:
Такие предложения выражают нереальные действия, которые относятся к прошедшему времени. Схема предложения:

IfI had studied hard, I would have     Если бы я усердно учился (раньше),

passed the exam.                                   я бы сдал экзамен.

Кроме трех типов условных предложений существуют еще и предложения смешанных типов. Смешиваются 2 и 3 типы предложений.

Например:
IfI had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I would’t be hungry now. – Если бы я позавтракал несколько часов назад, я бы сейчас не был голоден.

Сожаления и пожелания выражаются в английском языке с помощью глагола to wish (хотеть, желать) и придаточного изъяснительного предложения (object clause).
I wish I knew her phone number. - Как жаль, что я не знаюномер еетелефона.

                                                    (Хотел бы я знать номер ее телефона).

Iwish I had met you earlier. - Как жаль, что я раньше тебя

                                                     не встретил.

В условном предложении при выражении сожаления или пожелания, глагол to be всегда употребляется в форме were, вне зависимости от лица и числа подлежащего, к которому он относится. (Это правило в разговорной речи соблюдается не всегда)

I wish he were here now. – Жаль что его нет сейчас здесь. (Было бы здорово если бы он был сейчас здесь.)

Exercises

1. Образуйте условные предложения I типа по образцу и переведите их:

Example:If I ____ (to go) to the cinema, I ____ (to watch) an interesting film.

            If I go to the cinema, I will watch an interesting film

1. If I ___ (to study), I ___ (to pass) the exams.

2. If the sun ___ (to shine), we ___ (to walk) to the town.

3. If he ___ (to have) a temperature, he ___ (to see) the doctor.

4. If my friends ___ (to come), I ___ (to be) very happy.

5. If she ___ (to earn) a lot of money, she ___ (to fly) to New York.

6. If we ___ (to travel) to London, we ___ (to visit) the museums.

7. If you ___ (to wear) sandals in the mountains, you ___ (to slip) on the rocks.

8. If Rita ___ (to forget) her homework, the teacher ___ (to give) her a low mark.

9. If they ___ (to go) to the disco, they ___ (to listen) to loud music.

2. Образуйте условные предложения IIтипа по образцу и переведите их:

Example: If I __ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to watch) an interesting film

             If I went to the cinema, I would watch an interesting film.

1. If I ___ (to come) home earlier, I ___ (to prepare) dinner.

2. If we ___ (to live) in Rome, Francesco ___ (to visit) us.

3. If Tim and Tom ___ (to be) older, they ___ (to play) in our hockey team.

4. If he ___ (to be) my friend, I ___ (to invite) him to my birthday party.

5. If Susan ___ (to study) harder, she ___ (to be) better at school.

6. If they ___ (to have) enough money, they ___ (to buy) a new car.

7. If you ___ (to do) a paper round, you ___ (to earn) a little extra money.

8. If Michael ___ (to get) more pocket money, he ___ (to ask) Doris out for dinner.

9. If we ___ (to hurry), we ___ (to catch) the bus.

3. Образуйте условные предложения III типа по образцу и переведите их:

Example: If I _______ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to watch) an interesting   film.

If I had gone to the cinema, I would have watched an interesting film.

1. If the weather ___ (to be) nice, they ___ (to play) football.

2. If we ___ (to go) to a good restaurant, we ___ (to have) a better dinner.

3. If John ___ (to learn) more words, he ___ (to write) a good report.

4. If the boys ___ (to take) the bus to school, they ___ (to arrive) on time.

5. If the teacher ___ (to explain) the homework, I ___ (to do) it.

6. If they ___ (to wait) for another 10 minutes, they ___ (to see) the pop star.

7. If the police ___ (to come) earlier, they ___ (to arrest) the burglar.

8. If you ___ (to buy) fresh green vegetable, your salad ___ (to taste) better.

9) If Alex ___ (to ask) me, I ___ (to email) the documents.

10) If he ___ (to speak) more slowly, Peggy ___ (to understand) him.

4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в необходимую форму в зависимости от реальности, выполняемых действий:

1. If I (pass) ... my exams in time, I'll be very glad.

2. If I (pass) ... my exams in time, I would be very glad.

3. If I (pass) ... my exams in time last term, I would have been very glad.

4. If the weather (to be) ... nice tomorrow I (take) ... a day off but it's not supposed to be.

5. If Linda (be) … at home yesterday, I would have visited her.

5. Выберите правильную форму глагола:

1. If I miss / I’ll miss the bus this afternoon, I’ll get a taxi instead.

2. We’ll have to go without John if he doesn’t arrive / won’t arrive soon.

3. They won’t refund / don’t refund your money if you haven’t kept your receipt.

4. Will you send me a postcard when you reach / you’ll reach Mexico?

5. If I make some coffee, do you cut / will you cut the cake?

6. Did you work / Would you work harder if you were better paid?

7. If you don’t complain / didn’t complain so much, you might be more popular.

8. Please don’t sign any contract before I’m checking / I’ve checked them.

9. Weren’t my friends / Wouldn’t my friends be envious if they could only see me now!