Зависимый причастный оборот

Причастие I (Participle I) имеет сложные (аналитические) формы.

Participle I Indefinite обозначает действие, происходящее одновременно с действием, выраженным сказуемым.

Being built of wood the bridge       Так как мост был построен (будучи                                                                

could not carry heavy loads.            построенным) из дерева, он не мог      

                                                         выдержать тяжелых нагрузок.

Participle I Perfect обозначает действие, которое произошло ранее действия, выраженного сказуемым предложения.

Having finished the experiment      Закончив эксперимент, студенты ушли

the students left the laboratory.         из лаборатории.

Having been translated into many После того как книги Пушкина были пе-

languages Pushkin’s books became  реведены на многие языки, они стали

known all over the world.                 известны во всем мире.

Exercises

Образуйте все формы Participle I и Participle II от следующих глаголов и переведите их.

To decide, to develop, to produce, to weigh, to release, to extend, to use, to give, to link, to include, to reinforce, to propose, to settle, to establish, to support, to replace.                          

Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на перевод причастий.

1. Entering the room — having entered the room; 2. calculating the distance — having calculated the distance; 3. developing the speed — having developed the                                                        

speed – having developed the speed of 120; 4. introducing new methods — having introduced new methods; 5. deciding to leave the city — having decided to leave the city; 6. dividing into two parts — having divided into two parts — being divided into two parts; 7. obtaining the necessary information — having obtained the necessary information; 8. changing his opinion — having changed his opinion; 9.installing new equipment— having installed new equipment; 10. offering her his help — having offered her his help; 11. returning home — having returned home.                

Дайте полные ответы.                    

1. When do we see the results of our work: doing it or having done it? 2. When do the students use а dictionary: translating a text or having translated it? 3. When do we turn the key: locking the door or having locked it? 4. When do we take more pleasure: listening to music or having listened to it? 5. When must you look at the traffic light: crossing the street or having crossed it?

4. Определите форму причастия и скажите, выражает ли оно действие, одновременное с действием сказуемого или предшествующее ему. Переведите предложения.                   

1. Building new houses for the people we improve their living conditions. 2. Having built new houses for the people, we have improved their living conditions. 3. Foretelling the existence of some unknown elements, Mendeleyev described their properties. 4. Studying the atomic weight of the elements, Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups. 5. Having locked his work in the desk, Newton decided to leave it there till after his death. 6. Being built in a nеw way modern houses are much more comfortable. 7. Having learned the nature of fire and its uses man greatly improved his living conditions. 8. Being a form of matter air has weight and occupies space. 9. Being heated the air becomes thinner in the heated area. 10. Having been made more accurate weather predictions are of great help to aviation and navigation. 11. Having been brought from America in the 15th century rubber was first used for making balls and rubbing out pencil marks. 12. Having made а great number of experiments with different substances the chemists found that most of them could be decomposed into other substances.            

Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на место и форму выделенных слов. Употребите Participle I Indefinite или Perfect от глаголов “to change”, “to apply”, “to deepen”:    

Изменяющаяся погода; ветер, изменяющий направление; изменив методы производства; изменяя условия работы; применив новые материалы; инженер, применяющий новые методы в строительстве; книга, углубляющая наше знание; углубляя реки; сгущающиеся краски, углубив канал; применяя атомную энергию. 

6. Переведите на русский язык; найдите причастия и определите функцию причастных оборотов в предложениях.                                                                   

1. Being shown this document, he said that it belonged to the fifth century of our era. 2. Being asked to show the way to the railway station, the woman gave the necessary information to а group of tourists. 3. Having written the translation, I gave it to the teacher. 4. Having been typed the report was handed to the engineer. 5. The house being built in our street will soon be ready. 6. Having typed the report, the typist asked the engineer to see if there were any mistakes. 7. Having used the appliance improved by a group of workers of our shop, we mechanized а number of operations. 8. Тhе professor told the students about the work now being carried on in the Institute. 9. She showed us the list of the books published this year. 10. Lake Baikal, known to be the deepest in the world, is fed by 336 rivers. 11. The figures mentioned in his report were published in a scientific journal. 12. There is а great increase in the quantities of goods carried by air transport.            

Определите форму причастия в предложении. Скажите какую функцию выполняет причастный оборот. Переведите предложения.

1. The instrument measuring atmospheric pressure is called barometer. 2. The water being evaporated now is sea water. 3. Being evaporated the sea water leaves salt crystals. 4. The man showing us the weather map is our professor. 5. Being shown to the meteorologist the weather map was discussed in all details. 6. The weather map being shown to the meteorologist was made by one of our students. 7. Discussing the defects of the weather map the meteorologist gаvе аll the necessary explanation to the students. 8. Lying between Asia and America the Behring Strait divides Asia from America. 9. Dividing Britain from the continent, the English Channel forms the southern border of England. 10. Having crossed the Channel, the legions of Julius Cesar landed in Britain. 11. Fortifying their settlements the Romans surrounded them with massive walls. 12. Being skilled road makers the Romans started laying roads across the country. 13. Having left for the continent Julius Cesar never returnеd to Britain. 14. Being nine centuries old, the Tower of London has retained the solidity of its construction. 15. Having no skyscrapers and industries Washington looks like a provincial town.                                                 

Определите по месту в предложении, является ли Participle II “erected” определением или обстоятельством, и при переводе предложений употребите соответствующее придаточное предложение.                                         

Образец: 1. Erectеd of timber the old houses should be replaced by new ones. -Так как старые дома построены из дерева, они должны быть заменены новыми.

             2. Houses erected of timber are not durable. – Дома, построенные из дерева, не долговечны.                                  

1. The monument erected in our city required about two years for its completion. 2. Erected on а hill the monument is seen from many points of the city. 3. Erected of granite the monument has been preserved through many centuries. 4. There are many beautiful buildings erected by well-known architects in our city. 5. The building was rеplanned while erected. 6. If erected  in a moist climate a monument is subjected to atmospheric changes. 7. The building erected, people will move into new apartments. 8. They showed us a number of newly erected houses. 9. When erected this house will look magnificent.