Topic 7.Diversity of Hobbies

What is a hobby? It is what you can and like to do when you have free time. We choose a hobby according to our character and taste. Many hobbies differ according to the age and sex. For example, a lot of men prefer fishing and hunting, while scores of young girls and women like knitting and embroidery. Children like collecting different objects like toys, puzzles, postcards. When we have a hobby our life becomes more interesting.

Many people are interested in listening and dancing to music. They collect records and discs with their favourite singers and go to disco with their friends. Other people like reading and collect books. But the word “hobby“ doesn’t mean only collection of something. Many young people like drawing very much. So since their childhood they are drawing everything and everywhere: in their albums, in the note-books and even on the newspapers. Other people like sewing clothes.

People living in cities and towns like to be closer to nature, and they spend all their free time in the country. It is also a hobby. Some of us go on hikes. Some like to work in their gardens. For example, gardening and growing roses is the most common hobby among Englishmen. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. It has become one of the numerous hobbies nowadays. Very often our hobby helps us to choose our future profession.

Find 10 words dealing with different leisure activities and hobbies. One and the same letter can be used twice (horizontally and vertically).

SECOND TERM

Topic 8. At the Theatre

Theatre is one of the oldest and most popular forms of entertainment, in which actors perform alive for an audience on a stage or in another space chosen for the performance. The actors, the audience, and the space are three essentials of theatre. The fourth is the performance, or the actors’ creative work in production. The performance is very often a play – tragedy, comedy, or musical–but it need not be. Theatre performances include vaudeville, puppet shows, mime, and other forms of entertainment.

Theatre historians trace the origins of theatre to myth and ritual found in dances and mimed performances by masked dancers during rituals and other ceremonies that marked important passages in life. Early societies acted out patterns of life, death, and rebirth associated with the welfare of village tribes. At some unrecorded time, these ceremonies and rituals turned into dramatic festivals and spread west from Greece and east from India.

In addition to the actor and the audience in a space, other elements of theatre are a written or improvised text, costumes, scenery, lights, sound, and properties (props). Most theatrical performances require the collaborative efforts of many creative people working toward a common goal: the production.

Theatre can serve many purposes. It can be designed to entertain, instruct, motivate, persuade, and even shock. But whatever the intentions of the director, performers, and crew, the result depends on the interaction with an audience. The audience affects the performance by providing the performers with immediate feedback, such as laughter, tears, applause, or silence. Each night there is a continuous interaction between the auditorium and the stage.

Some audiences want only to be entertained. Others want the theatre to provide new insight and understanding of political, social, or personal issues. Throughout history theatre has reflected the society in which it takes place. In many repressive and authoritarian regimes theatre provides entertainment to distract audiences from the brutal conditions under which they live or to serve as lessons in the virtues of the ruling powers.

Theatre is a diverse and complex art. It requires collaboration among many artists, craftspeople, and managers in order to create a performance for audiences. Since the time of the ancient Greeks, theatrical events have included such production elements as costumes, scenery, properties, music, and choreography. Lighting and sound are more recent additions. Each element in today's theatre has its own designer, composer, or choreographer, who collaborates with the director to focus the audience's attention on the actor in the special environment or seeing place.

Grammar

1. State the number of the sentences in Present Simple Tense.

1. He went there yesterday. 2. We live in Donetsk. 3. She likes to go to the theatre. 4. Do you study at school? 5. Did my mother work last year? 6. My father works at a factory. 7. Pete’s sister does not work. 8. She studies at the institute. 9. He will go to the cinema tomorrow.

Complete the sentences using the right form of the verb.

boil close cost go have like open speak

1. She’s very clever. She …. four languages.

2. We usually …. dinner at 2 o’clock.

3. I …. films. I often …. to the cinema.

4. Water …. at 100 degrees Celsius.

5. In Britain the banks …. at 9.30 in the morning.

6. The City Museum …. at 5 o’clock every evening.

7. Food is expensive. It …. a lot of money.

3. Write the negative form of the same verb.

1. I study English; I …. …. French.

2. John lives in the city; he …. …. in the village.

3. Jack plays the piano; he …. …. clarinet.

4. Gregory helps his sister; he …. …. his brother.

5. The children want to watch television; they …. …. to sleep.

Choose the right variant for each sentence.

1. How much …. this sweater cost ?                                              A. is

2. How much …. this sweater ?                                                      B. does

                                                                                                          C.  do

3. It ….rainy in summer .                                                                  A. don’t

4. It …. often rain in summer.                                                           B. doesn’t

C. is

5. I …. stay at home on Sundays.                                                        A. am not

6. I …. at home on Sundays.                                                               B. doesn’t

C. don’t 

7. He …. have much money.                                                            A. isn’t

8. He …. rich.                                                                                   B. doesn’t

                                                                                                           C. don’t 

9. Mag and her sister…. live in Rome.                                              A. aren’t

10. Mag and her sister …. in Rome.                                                  B. doesn’t

C. don’t

11. Pat’s mother …. teach students.                                                 A. isn’t

12. Pat’s mother …. a teacher.                                                         B. doesn’t

                                                                                                          C. don’t

13. It …. cost much to stay at that hotel.                                          A. doesn’t

14. That hotel …. expensive.                                                            B. isn’t

                                                                                                          C. don’t

Use the required tense instead of the infinitive in brackets. Translate the sentences.

1. My little sister (to go) to school every day.  

2. The sun (to rise) in the East.  

3. Careless students never (to work) hard.  

4. It often (to snow) in winter.  

5. The teacher (to point) at the blackboard when he (to want) to explain something.  

6. Mother always (to cook) in the morning. 

7. I (to see) what you mean.  

8. She (to say), she (to hear) nothing.  

9. There (to be) a girl downstairs who (to want) to see you.  

10. My friend (to go) there nearly every week.

Topic 9.Cinema in Our Life

Cinema plays an important role in the life of any society. The cinema has become part of the modern way of life. There is no denying the fact that the cinema is an excellent vehicle of culture. Its possibilities are unlimited. In the earliest years of the cinema its power to show contemporary events was recognized and appreciated. More than anything else this unique quality secured popularity for the film as a new form of instruction and entertainment. That’s why the cinema is considered to be one of the best ways of spending their leisure time.

There are a lot of different kinds of films: feature films, theatrical films, horror films, thriller films, popular science films, travelogues, mystery films, documentaries, animated cartoon films. Besides, the films may be color or black and white, full-length or short, sound or silent, dubbed in mother tongue, three-dimensional or wide-screen.

We can see films either in the cinema or on the TV. As I am often short of time, I have practically no time for going to the cinema. For this reason I see films on television more frequently. But sometimes I manage to go to the cinema. I prefer feature films and amusing comedies. It’s a pity the life is so difficult nowadays and I want to relax a little, sometimes even to laugh. But at the same time I am fond of true-to-life films describing the life of the ordinary people, their feelings and problems. Such films move me deeply, they arouse the feelings of sympathy or hatred for the heroes. As a rule such films leave a deep and lasting impression upon me.

A modern cinema program contains a newsreel which shows us pictures of important recent developments. It is usually shown before a feature film and it’s often worth seeing. Sometimes they show animated cartoon film at seeing which the audience is in a state of excitement from the beginning to the end. Especially I like Walt Disney’s cartoons “Duck Tales”, or “Vinnie-the-Pooh’s Adventures”. In my opinion the animated cartoon films are popular both with children and adults.

 Showing the educational films is arranged mainly for schoolchildren and students.

In Great Britain and the USA the cinemas (“movies” as they often call them) sell more than one billion tickets a year. Movies are also shown on television and can be rented or purchased as a DVD-recorder. People in these countries are equipped with video recorders in their majority. Although people once feared that television would ruin movie industry, movie popularity has soared in recent years in these countries. Attending movies is a relatively inexpensive leisure time activity that is very popular.

Grammar

1. Write the Past Simple form for the following verbs.

a) to be                                                              b) to end

to do                                                                    to finish

to give                                                                 to laugh

to have                                                                 to like

to hear                                                                 to listen

 to leave                                                                to move

to make                                                                to love

to pay                                                                  to play

 to read                                                                  to smile

 to see                                                                 to trust

to sit                                                                 to wait

 to take                                                               to want

to tell                                                               to watch   

to write                                                              to add

2. How do you pronounce “ -ed“ in the verbs above? Next to the Past Simple form write [ t ], [ d ], [ıd ].