Distribution of the English language in the world

Content

introduction

Chapter 1. English language - a language of international communication

1.1 Distribution of the English language in the world

1.2 Current status of English as the multinational

Chapter 2. Basic options of English

2.1 British English

2.2 American English

2.3 Canadian English

2.4 Australian English

2.5 New Zealand version of the English language

conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

As you know, English is common not only in England but also abroad. It is an official language in many countries . While English each state has its own characteristics , its distinctive features , which were formed in the course of historical development , as a result of the influence of the languages ​​of neighboring countries , as well as the language of the indigenous population.

This course is devoted to the study of the main varieties of English . At first glance, it may seem the same , but a closer look reveals a large number of features unique to these varieties of English.

All of the above explains the relevance of our work.

Object of study in this work is English.

The subject of this study is to variants of English in all its diversity .

The aim of the study is to identify the features that characterize the variety of English.

For this were as follows :

- Consider the characteristics of the major varieties of English ;

- Identify the phonetic , grammatical and lexical features of each of the most well-known varieties of English .

Course work consists of an introduction , two chapters , conclusion and list of used literature .

English grammar phonetic Canadian

Chapter I. English language - a language of international communication

Distribution of the English language in the world

One of the features of the functioning of the English language - is to use it as a state language of not one but many nations.

Along with some other world languages ​​, such as French in France, Belgium , Switzerland, Canada and several developing countries ; Spanish in Spain and some Latin American countries, German in Germany , Austria, Switzerland , Portuguese in Portugal and Brazil, Italian language in Italy and Switzerland , Swedish in Sweden and Finland , the English language in the UK , USA , Canada, Australia , New Zealand, a number of developing countries in Asia and Africa , the former colonies of the United Kingdom refers to the multinational and multiethnic language does not belong to one , and several nations, not one, but several ethnic groups .

In the history of the spread of English is divided into three periods ( Crystal , 2001:104 ) .

First period - before the Middle Ages, when the influence of the French language and some other languages ​​into English was so significant that it is a relatively short time has become more romance than the German .

Second period - the Renaissance and subsequent years , when the English are interested in a large amount of vocabulary of classical languages ​​and a number of creative dramatists , especially Shakespeare, greatly enriched him .

Third period - the end of the second millennium - the beginning of the new millennium .

Since the 60 thcentury .the spread of English has become very broad.

Some countries initially used it as a means of inter-ethnic product, then the language gradually mutated and became a mother for the population. For example, British English initiated the American version , and then the Australian and South African . In the twentieth century .developed Nigerian , Indian , Singaporean options and numerous new varieties of English (New Englishes). Some linguists speculated that such a situation may indicate the development of a new family of languages ​​( Evdokimov , 2003:206) .

English occupies a special place in seventy-five countries. Nineteen countries, it is the official language . It is taught as a foreign language in more than 100 countries. In most countries, English is taught in schools as the main foreign language.

In the XIX century . Britain has become a leading industrial and commercial power . During the XIX century . British political system contributed to the spread of English around the globe . And in the twentieth century .this process accelerated , primarily due to the economic strength of the United States

( Arakin , 2001:302 ) .

English is one of the official languages ​​of the United Nations , UNESCO, the World Health Organization (WHO), an official and working language of many international meetings of organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN ) , the European Council , NATO. English - the only official language of the country experts of oil , the only working language of the European Free Trade Association EFTA (European Free Trade Association).

Today comes a radical change of the language situation in the world. Never before have so many countries and people did not feel such a need to communicate with each other. Never before have so many people had the opportunity to travel around the world. Never before has such a volume required to perform interpretation and translation , and there was no need in the broader development of bilingualism.

In today's world English serves as the international language . Over recent decades, English has become the international medium of communication , acquired the status of a "global language " (global language).

In reality, the term " international English " often refers only to the British and North American English , to a lesser extent with the Canadian and Australian versions and usually does not apply to other regional varieties ( Antrushina , 1999:27 ) .

Adopted in the national definition of linguistics English as a multi-ethnic , or polynational reflects not only its functional role as ethnographic distribution, consolidation of the different ethnic groups , as a result of the discharge of functions of the language of international communication.

One of the criteria of the international status of language is considered to be a large number of functions performed by them : its recognition as a national or official language in the country where it operates in areas such as administration , courts, the media , the educational system ( Koptelova , 2000:33 ) .

English in today's world has become an "additional " language for a number of people, and that his status manifest in the growth of functioning, increasing cross-cultural use areas , to improve their social use .

" The main function of English as an international language , or the scope of its use can be summarized as follows :

1) official and diplomatic ;

2) officially state regulation;

3) official business ( in business, trade , transport, communication );

4) Education ;

5 ) information ( in science, the media, the Internet , sports, medicine, etc. );

6) entertainment ( film and video , pop music );

7) Advertising (labels , trademarks , etc.) " (Proshina , 2001:57 ) .

As an international language, English is no longer tied to a particular one culture and nation . The development of the English language in the modern world is less and less determined by the people for whom it is their mother tongue . This is the " plyuritsentrichnost English , recognized by contemporary sociolinguistics . Duotsentrichnost (British English and American English as the two centers of linguistic hegemony )plyuritsentrichnostyu changed , which led to the creation of many other concepts of English (World Englishes)" ( Crystal , 2001:98 ) .

As the intermediate language in the modern world English language plays the role of intercultural interaction and enrichment. This is largely due to the fact that for a long time the English language tends to borrow vocabulary. He has the ability to quickly and easily make borrowing derived from other languages ​​as well as English language through the Caribbean , India and the Spanish-speaking America. Due to the emergence of a large number of so-called new varieties of English in the United States , Canada, Australia , New Zealand, South Africa , the Caribbean , inside the UK ( Ireland , Scotland, Wales ) , as well as in India, Sri Lanka and other countries enhanced process " nativizatsii " ( Crystal , 2001:101 ) . Under nativizatsiey refers to the process of language change under the influence of local languages ​​. Thus there is the formation of new types of English and changes in the forms and structures of the so-called "standard" version of the English language. New variants of the English language are a sort of dialects. However, unlike the dialects that exist at the regional level and with thousands of users, the new language variants exist at the international level and have millions of users .