Образец выполнения контрольной работы № 2

Задание 1.

The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday.

was sent for = Past Indefinite Passive             to sent – посылать

Задание 2.

When heated to the boiling point water evaporates.

При нагревании до точки кипения вода испаряется.

when heated - Participle II - обстоятельство

Задание 3.

He must have a good rest since he has slept only a few hours.

Он должен хорошо отдохнуть, так как он спал только несколько часов.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ К ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ

КОНТРОЛЬНОЙ   РАБОТЫ № 3

  Во втором семестре студенты выполняют одну контрольную работу №3 и готовят индивидуальные тексты для домашнего чтения по указанию преподавателя.

  К зачету студенты должны иметь выполненную и зачтенную контрольную работу №3, письменный перевод текстов всех пяти вариантов контрольной работы, словарь, составленный по вынесенным к тестам и незнакомым словам и выражениям. Кроме того, студенты должны самостоятельно подобрать и подготовить тексты для самостоятельной работы объемом 5.000 знаков.

  Для выполнения контрольной работы №3 студенту необходимо изучить по учебнику следующие грамматические разделы курса английского языка:

1. Грамматические функции и значения слов one, that, it.

2. Пассивный залог видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции:

а) подлежащего;

б) обстоятельства цели;

в) составной части сказуемого;

г) определения.

4. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложения.

Требования к выполнению и оформлению контрольной работы№3 остаются такие же, как и к контрольным работам №1 и №2. После выполнения грамматических заданий, состоящих из 20 предложений, необходимо перевести текст, соответствующий Вашему варианту.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ К ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ

       КОНТРОЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ № 4

Данная контрольная работа включает ознакомление с следующим грамматическим материалом:

1. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот и объект.

С этой целью рекомендуется закончить вводящие глаголы, которые образуют указанные обороты, такие как to seem, to prove, to know, to report и другие.

2. Независимый причастный оборот.

Следует обратить внимание на особенности перевода указанной конструкции в начале предложений и в конце предложений.

3. Условные предложения.

Необходимо чётко различать 3 типа условных предложений в английском языке: бессоюзные, придаточные, условные предложения.

Требования к оформлению контрольной работы №4 также, как и в предыдущих работах.

  6. КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Контрольная работа № 1

                                      Вариант 1

Вариант 2

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -"s", и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, то есть служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа глагола в настоящем времени (Present Indefinite);

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

 Переведите эти предложения.

1. The Ukraine exports a great variety of goods.

2. The first mention of the city on the Volga dates back to 1589.

3. The doors of the young People's Theater are always open to children of school age.

Задание 2.

Перепишите, переведите предложения содержащие разные формы сравнения и сравнительные конструкции.

1. Ann works harder than most of her friends.

2. Could you speak more slowly please?

3. The more expensive the hotel, the better the service.

4. It was the worst day in my life.

Задание 3.

Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на определения, выраженные существительными. Подчеркните эти определения.

1. As soon as we come to Moscow we shall visit the Tretiakovsky picture gallery.

2. The temperature changes are not so important in this case.

3. September, October and November are autumn months.

4. Trade contacts with foreign countries grow from year to year.

Задание 4.

Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие вопросы и дайте полные письменные (утвердительные и отрицательные) ответы на английском языке.

1. Is there any bar in the lounge?

2. Do English businessmen often visit our country?

3. Have you any questions?

Задание 5.

Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Переделайте предложения так, чтобы они были в отрицательной форме прошедшего времени. Добавьте, где необходимо, слова, указывающие на прошедшее время, например: yesterday, last year, last summer.

1. We give our tickets and passport to the official.

2. Every year we go to the Crimea.

3. We shall go to the cinema next week.

Задание 6.

Сделайте письменный перевод текста и выучите слова из активного словаря.

  A business corporation is an institution established for the purpose of making profit. It is operated by individuals. Their shares of ownership are represented by stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stockholder.

  There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. The first is the ability to attract financial resources. The next advantage is that if the corporation attracts a large amount of capital it can invest it in plants, equipment and research. And the third advantage is that a corporation can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists.

  The privately owned business corporation is one type of corporation. There are some other types too. Educational, religious, charitable institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporation does not issue stocks and is nonprofit. If there is a profit it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed to private stockholders.

  In some western countries, cities, states, federal government and special agencies can establish governmental corporations. A few examples of these governmental corporations are state universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities. Governmental corporations are non-profit as a rule and usually they do not issue stock certificates.

Active Vocabulary

a corporation - корпорация

to establish - учреждать

a stock certificate - акция

stockholder (shareholder) -  акционер, держатель акций

to attract financial resources - привлекать финансовые ресурсы

to offer high salaries - предлагать высокие зарплаты

to attract a large amount of capital - привлекать большой капитал

educational, religious, charitable institutions - образовательные, религиозные, благотворительные учреждения

to issue stock - выпускать акции

nonprofit - прибыльный

to reinvest - вкладывать еще раз

Вариант 3

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, то есть служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа глагола в настоящем времени (Present Indefinite);

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите эти предложения.

1. Red lights signal the end of the process.

2. Electricity lights our homes and streets.

3. Our scientists receive regularly new data about the moon's surface.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные формы сравнения и сравнительные конструкции.

1. Tom looks older than he really is.

2. It's becoming more and more difficult to find a job.

3. The earlier leave, the sooner we will arrive.

4. Summer is one of the best and the hottest season of the year.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, подчеркните определения, выраженные существительными.

1. His parents often take part in the North Pole expedition.

2. We get weather information every day.

3. Construction work does not stop for a single day.

4. The big Institute conference hall is on the second floor.

Задание 4.

Перепишите и переведите на русский язык вопросы, дайте полные письменные ответы (отрицательные и утвердительные) на английском языке. Запишите эти ответы на английском языке.

1. Is there any signature in the Cheque?

2. Does he know any foreign language?

3. Will you have some more tea?

Задание 5.

Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский языке. Переведите предложения так, чтобы они были в отрицательной форме прошедшего времени. Добавьте, где необходимо слова, указывающие прошедшее время, например: yesterday, last year, last summer, last week Запишите эти предложения на английском языке.

1. After dinner we shall go somewhere.

2. The wind is very strong today.

3. They will write some articles about their life at the College.

Задание 6.

Сделайте письменный перевод текста и выучите лексику активного словаря.

  An employer has several options to consider when he wants to hire a new employee. First of all, he may look within his own company. But if he can't find anybody suitable for the position he will have to look outside the company. If there is a personal office in the company, he can ask them to help him to find a qualified applicant. The employer can also use another valuable sources, for example, employment agencies, consulting firms, placement offices and professional societies. He can also advertise in a newspaper or in a magazine and request candidates to send in resume.

  The employer has two sorts of qualifications to consider if he wants to choose from among the applicants. He must consider both professional qualifications and personal characteristics. A candidate's education, experience and skills are included in the professional qualifications. These can be listed on a resume. Personal characteristics, or personality traits must be evaluated through interviews.

Active Vocabulary

an option - выбор

an employer - наниматель, работодатель

an employee - служащий, работающий по найму

to consider - рассматривать, принимать во внимание

to be suitable for the position - соответствовать должности

a personal office - отдел кадров

an applicant - кандидат на должность

valuable source - ценный источник

employment agency - агентство по найму  

consulting firm - консультационная фирма

to advertise - помещать объявления, рекламировать

a resume - резюме

two sets of qualifications - два вида характеристик

an experience - рабочий опыт

to evaluate through interviews - оценивать через интервью

Вариант 4

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения, определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, то есть служит ли оно.

а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа глагола в настоящем времени (Present Indefinite);

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показатели притяжательного падежа существительного.

Переведите эти предложения.

1. This engineer's report contained very interesting data.

2. Their Institute houses both physical and chemical laboratories.

3. The interests of our specialists center on the problems of food technology.

Задание 2.

Перепишите, переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и сравнительные конструкции.

1. The examination was easier than we expected.

2. More expensive hotels are usually more comfortable than cheaper ones.

3. The warmer the weather, the better I feel.

4. Winter is the coldest season of the year.

Задание 3.

Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на перевод определений, выраженных существительными.

1. The bus stop is not far from here.

2. He will finish this laboratory work on time.

3. The summer holidays last two months.

4. My old institute friend called me yesterday.

Задание 4.

Перепишите, переведите вопросы на русский язык и дайте полные письменные ответы (утвердительные и отрицательные) на английском языке.

1. Is there a flight number in the ticket?

2. Does he like his profession?

3. Are there any papers in the drawer?

Задание 5.

Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Переделайте предложения так, чтобы они были в отрицательной форме прошедшего времени. Добавьте, где необходимо, слова, указывающие на прошедшее время, например: yesterday, last summer, last year, last week. Запишите эти предложения на английском языке.

1. My friend speaks Spanish well.

2. He often talks with us by telephone.

3. I have plenty of time today.

Задание 6.

Сделайте письменный перевод текста и выучите лексику из активного словаря.

  Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firm financial condition. Accounting records give a very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.

  Most business prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spent by the company.

  One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals withprofitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.

  The second set of rations deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.

Active Vocabulary

accounting - бухгалтерский учет

a record - документ, запись, протокол

to record - записывать, регистрировать

a transaction - сделка, (банковская) операция

to provide data - обеспечивать данными

income statement - отчет о доходах

balance sheet - балансовый отчет

ratio analysis - анализ коэффициентов

profitability - прибыльность

Return on Investment Ratio - коэффициент возвращения инвестиций

efficiency - эффективность, производительность

to evaluate - оценивать

a value - ценность, стоимость

overall financial structure - полная финансовая стоимость    

ownership - полная финансовая стоимость

Вариант 5

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, то есть служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите эти предложения.

1. We listen to lectures on higher mathematics and economics.

2. Professor K. lectures on marketing at our Institute.

3. What is your friend's profession?

Задание 2.

Перепишите, переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнительные конструкции.

1. We've got less time than I thought.

2. The more you have the more you want.

3. You should better to make the hotel reservation.

4. Reading is one of the best means of communication.

Задание 3.

Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните определения, выраженные существительными.

1. The autumn term ends in December.

2. My friend began to attend classes at the peasant's evening school.

3. He passed his graduation examinations with excellent marks.

4. Our Institute teachers informed us of our future work as economists.

Задание 4.

Перепишите, переведите вопрос и дайте полный письменный ответ на него (отрицательный и утвердительный) на английском языке.

1. Are there any visitors in the office?

2. Are you expecting some quests this afternoon?

3. Is anything wrong with the engine?

Задание 5.

Перепишите предложения, переведите их. Переделайте предложения так, чтобы они были в отрицательной форме прошедшего времени, добавьте, где необходимо, слова, указывая на прошедшее время, напишите эти предложения.

1. My family lives in a small town on the coast of the Black Sea.

2. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business.

3. The professor begins his lectures with some figures.

Задание 6.

Сделайте письменный перевод текста и выучите слова из активного словаря.

  The computer industry is one of the largest in western countries and especially in the USA. It includes companies that manufacture, sell and lease computers, as well as companies that supply products and services for people working with computers.

  A computer cannot think. A human operator puts data into the computer and gives instructions. The operator writes instructions which determine the mathematical operations on information. A computer solves mathematical problems very rapidly. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data. This involves different administrative functions such as preparation of payrolls, inventary controlin manufacturing and distribution operations, customer accounting, billing by banks, insurance companies, public utilities and mass circulation magazines. Now the computer takes on new kinds of jobs. It has become more involved in business operations as an essential tool in making decisions at highest administrative level.

Active Vocabulary

to give instructions - давать инструкции

 to put data - закладывать данные

to solve mathematical problems - решать математические задачи

to process data - обрабатывать данные

preparation of payrolls - подготовка ведомостей

inventory control - инвентаризационный контроль

warehousing - складирование товаров

distribution operations - распределение операций

customer accounting - расчет с клиентом.

     6.2.  Контрольная работа № 2

Вариант 1

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. This commercial bank had already stopped to exist when the war started.

2. A great deal of this equipment is sold to the common market countries.

3. The price problem is paid great attention to in our firm.

4. Your friend will be writing a test at this time on Monday.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We thank you for inquiry received on 21st June.

2. The goods were delivered a few days ago.

3. When passing through an electroscope, x-rays cause it's discharge.

4. The machines had been inspected some weeks ago.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты, переведите на русский язык.

1. You'll have to go on business next month.

2. I can not promise you anything.

3. You may order a taxi by telephone.

4. He said that I must do it myself.

5. We are to pay for the services in dollars.

Задание 4.

Переведите письменно следующий текст и заучите слова активного словаря.

  Wholesaling is a part of the marketing system. It provides channels of distribution which help to bring goods to the market. Generally indirect channels are used to market manufactured consumer goods. It could be from the manufacturer to the a wholesaler, from the retailer to the consumer or through more complicated channels. A direct channel moves goods from the manufacturer or producer to the consumer.

   Wholesaling is often a field of small business, but there is a growing chain movement in the western countries. About a quarter of wholesaling units account for one-third of total sales.

  Two-third of the wholesaling middlemen are merchant wholesalers who take title to the goods they deal in. There are also agent middlemen who negotiate purchases or sales or both. They don't take title to goods they deal in. Sometimes they take possession though. These agents don't earn salaries. They receive commissions. This is a percentage of the value of the goods they sell.

  Wholesalers simplify the process of distribution. For example, the average supermarket stocks 5.000 items in groceries alone, a retail druggist can have more than 6.000 items. As s wholesaler handles a large assort of items from numerous manufacturers he reduces the problem of both manufacturer and retailer. The store-keeper does not have to deal directly with thousands of different people. He usually has a well-stocked store and deals with only a few wholesalers.

Active Vocabulary

wholesaling - оптовая торговля

to provide channels - обеспечивать системой (сбыта)

indirect channels - непрямая, опосредованная система (сбыта)

complicated channels - сложная система (сбыта)

a retailer - розничный торговец

chain movement -  движение к объединению

wholesale unit - (зд.) контора по оптовой торговле

Вариант 2

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. If they increase their exports to the Third World countries their net profits will be much higher.

2. Our advertising people are producing a new catalogue at the moment.

3. These models have never been manufactured at this factory.

4. We were shown different samples of goods.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The equipment indicated in Contract was delivered on 30^th July.

2. We are discussing the terms of payment now.

3. When frozen water becomes a solid.

4. While speaking of the peaceful uses of atomic energy in our country it is necessary to mention the ice-breaker "Lenin".

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите на русский язык.

1. All these documents are to be presented to the bank.

2. After what had happened I couldn't trust him.

3. Must she prepare her homework today?

4. The company has to cover the costs by all means.

5. I should advise you not to go there.

Задание 4.

Переведите письменно следующий текст и заучите слова активного словаря.

  This system of buying goods became very common during the first halt of the twentieth century. Today a large proportion of all the families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by hire-purchase. In the USA the proportion is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 per cent of their income on hire-purchase installments.

  The goods bought by hire-purchase are, in almost every case, goods that will last - radio and television sets, washing-machines, refrigerators, motor-cars and motor-cycles and articles of furniture.

  The price of an article bought in this way is always higher than the price that would be paid for cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays a proportion, perhaps one- quarter or one- third of the price when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price has been paid. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made.

  Hire purchase has advantages and disadvantages. It helps newly-married couples with small incomes to furnish their homes. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps trade and employment. If families are paying each month installments on such household goods as a washing-machine and a car, they can spend less money (or perhaps no money) in useless or perhaps harmful ways, for example, on too much alcoholic drink.

  There is, however, the danger that when trade is bad, hire-purchase buying may and make trade much worse, with, as a result, a great increase in unemployment. This is why, in some countries, the Government controls hire-purchase by fixing the proportion of the first payments and the installments.

Active Vocabulary

common - обычный, привычный, распространенный

household goods - товары домашнего обихода

hire-purchase - покупки в кредит

goods that will last - товары длительного пользования

cash - наличные деньги

payment - плата

interest – процент

Вариант 3

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. This bank was making loans to corporations during two months last year.

2. The instruments included in this specification will be tested separately.

3. The price problem has been settled.

4. We are looking for a supplier who can meet an order of 23000 sweaters at one time.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством, или частью глагола - сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The improved model has been offered to different firms.

2. We are enclosing with this letter our latest catalogue.

3. As seen from the Contract these engines, will be delivered by the end of the week.

4. When heated to the boiling point water evaporates.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите на русский язык.

1. He has to get up early morning. His work starts at 8 o'clock.

2. Can I use your telephone?

3. Your friend may have taken this book.

4. Oh, Tom you shouldn't have done what you did.

5. You must not miss this film.

Задание 4.

Переведите письменно следующий текст и выучите лексику активного словаря.

  All products and all services have prices. The price depends on different things such as credit terms, delivery, trade-in-allowance, guarantees, quality and other forms of service which price can produce the biggest profit during a long period of time. It's hardly possible to determine such a price. The price may be too high to produce a large volume or too low to cover cost. No other area of marketing operations has been a subject to bad practice. Many business pursue unsound price policies for long periods of time and are not aware about it.

  Prices can be determined in different ways. For example, the prices of wheat, cotton and other agricultural prices can be decided in large central markets where forces of supply and demand exist. This is pure price competition. The prices on industrial products (iron, steel, etc.) are usually decided by large companies. As a rule the amount and price of goods sold to large number of buyers is controlled by a few competing sellers. Prices also can be set by the government, usually for different public services - railroads, electricity, manufactured gas, bus services, etc.

  Demand increases, prices rise, profits expand and new investment is attracted. But other factors may be involved as well. Prices are related to each other in different ways. Ultimately, everything is related in price, since the consumer can buy and must pay for everything out of a particular, limited amount of money.

Active Vocabulary

credit terms - кредитные условия

trade-in-allowance - сумма денег, отданная за старую вещь, и включенная в счет покупки новой   

to cover costs - покрывать затраты

to pursue unsound price policies - вести неразумную ценообразовательную политику

supply and demand - предложение и спрос

price competition - конкуренция в ценообразовании

to set prices - устанавливать цены

Вариант 4

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его временно-видовую форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. The samples will be ready in three or four weeks.

2. They are producing a new model at the moment.

3. The company has issued the additional stocks.

4. The improved model has been offered to different firms.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством  или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The instruments included in this specification will be tested separately.

2. While making his experiment the lab assistant put down all the necessary data.

3. We are having a business talk with our foreign partners.

4. If carefully programmed, the computer makes no errors.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите на русский язык.

1. He has to inspect the work of this branch once a year.

2. I cannot do it today.

3. It may rain in the evening.

4. The equipment is to be manufactured in accordance with the conditions of the Contract.

5. You can buy newspapers, cigarettes, cookies from a vending - machine.

Задание 4.

Переведите письменно текст и выучите лексику активного словаря.

  Retailing is selling goods and services to the ultimate consumer. Thus, the retailer is the most expensive link in the chain of distribution. Being middlemen, they make their profit by charging the customer 25 to 100 per cent more than the price they paid for the item.

  The retailers operate through stores, mail-order houses, vending machine operators. There are different types of retail stores: department stores, discount houses, cooperatives, single line retailers. The major part (over 95 per cent) of retail establishments concentrate on a single line of merchandise for example, food, hardware, etc. But nowadays there is a trend for many single line stores to take on a greater variety of supplies.

  The retailer performs many necessary functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Second, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer helps to promote the product through displays, advertising or sales people. Fourth, the retailer can finance the customer by extending credit. Also the retailer stores the goods in his outlet by having goods available.

Active Vocabulary

retailing - розничная цена

ultimate consumer - конечный потребитель

a link - звено, связь

mail-order house - посылторг

vending machine operator - оператор торговых автоматических машин (продающих мелкие товары: газеты, сигареты и т.д.)

discount house - магазин с относительно низкими ценами на товары

a cooperative - кооператив

single line retailer - розничный торговец, продающий какой-либо один товар

to perform functions - выполнять функции

extending credit - длительный кредит

an outlet - рынок сбыта, торговая точка

discount - скидка

Вариант 5

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. The commercial documents will be sent immediately.

2. Good results have been achieved in laboratory tests.

3. Our regular customers are given a discount.

4. We are doing business with many firms in Eastern Europe.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть частью глагола-сказуемого, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We'll test the machines on the dates stipulated in the Contract.

2. We are expecting that our profits will be increased.

3. Unless tested the equipment must not be delivered.

4. The machine used showed good results.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I'll be busy on Monday morning, so I'll have to make an appointment for Tuesday morning.

2. He is able to phone us twice a week.

3. We should send an inquiry to the sellers.

4. I must hurry, I must warn him of the danger.

5. You may take this book.

Задание 4.

Перепишите письменно текст и выучите лексику активного словаря.

  Marketing includes all the business activities connected with the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers. Sometimes it is called distribution. On the one hand, marketing is made up of such activities as, transporting, storing and selling goods and, on the other hand, a series of decisions you make during the process of moving goods from producer to user. Marketing operations include product planning, buying, storage, pricing, promotion, selling, credit, traffic and marketing research.

  The ability to recognize early trends is very important. Producers must know why, for what purpose the consumers buy. Market research helps the producer to predict what the people will want. And through advertising he attempts to influence the customer to buy.

  Marketing operations are very expensive. They take up more than half of the consumer's dollar. The trend in the USA has been to high man consumption. The construction of good shopping centres has made goods available to consumers. It provided a wide range of merchandise and plenty of parking facilities.

Active Vocabulary

a producer - производитель

a consumer - потребитель

a user - потребитель

distribution - сбыт, распределение

marketing - продажа, сбыт, маркетинг

transporting - транспортировка

storing - складирование

storage - хранение

product planning - разработка новых продуктов

pricing - калькуляция цен

promotion - содействие в продаже (какого-либо товара), например, с помощью рекламы

traffic - торговля

marketing research -  изучение рынка сбыта

a trend - тенденция, общее направление

to predict - предсказывать

to influence – влиять

Контрольная работа № 3

            Вариант 1

Задание 1.

 Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one:

1. The latter method differs radically from the one mentioned above.

2. It's necessary to study foreign language.

3. The climate in the west is different from that in the east.

4. One must take part in scientific work.

5. The town is well known because it has good bathing beaches.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого, Переведите на русский язык:

1. When George arrived home his sister was listening to the wireless.

2. She will have cleaned the house by their arrival.

3. Electric cars will be widely used in future.

4. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies.

5. The construction of the plant has been completed this month.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива в предложении:

1. To show respect for persons who are older than you or in a senior position you may use "sir" and "madam".

2. The power station to be built on the river will generate much electric energy.

3. Many research workers of our Institute are invited to take part in the expedition.

4. Astronomers use radar to explore the Universe.

5. To fulfill the condition was out of my power.

Задание 4.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The plant our students have their professional training in is one of the best in the republic.

2. Water we wash with is brought to our home through a special system.

3. Salt is a mineral we obtain out of sea water or from under the ground.

4. We think cadmium is very useful for the application in transistors.

5. The man we call the father of space flights is Tsiolkovsky.

Задание 5.

 Переведите письменно текст и выучите лексику из активного словаря.

MARKET SEGMENTATION

  Research is the basic tool of marketing. A marketer must determine what customer needs are. Marketing experts have developed techniques for determining the needs of prospective customers. It's done by way of market segmentation.

  How can market segmentation be of help to a manager who wants to develop a new product? Every market can be divided into segments or, in other words, into separate groups of consumers. First there are demographic factors like age, income, educational background, occupation, size of family, type of home and neighborhood, etc. Then there are psychographic factors - the customers' opinions and interests, hobbies, vacation spots, favourite sports, etc.

   Then a product is compared with the goods already established in the market by quality and quantity standards. To be a success you must be ahead of your competitors.

  Competition never stops. That is why market segmentation must never stop as well. It should be on a permanent basis. Introduction of a pioneer product can immediately change the composition and number of a consumer grouping.

  The fundamental principles for a market are:

1. understand the customer (through research)

2. understand the grouping (to which the customer or his business belongs)

3. create a choice (a difference in price, concept or value that will distinguish your product)

4. communicate that choice (through promotion and advertising).

  Consumer marketing should be based on understanding consumer values, wants and needs.

Words and word combinations

market segmentation - сегментация рынка

marketer - сбытовик

pioneer product - новый товар

values - ценности

Вариант 2

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на значение слов one, it, that.

1. It was Christopher Colombus who discovered America.

2. This metro station was opened last year and that one will be put into operation in two years.

3. It's a pity that you can't come.

4. Few people know how to do it.

5. The power of the Bratsk hydro-electric station is much greater than that of the Volgograd station.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Man is continually exposed to invisible electromagnetic waves.

2.  Ultrasound is being used in diagnostics and treatment.

3. The speaker was listening to with great attention and his report was followed by a lively discussion.

4. The properties of materials are affected by solar radiation.

5. The equipment had been repaired by the time the work began.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1 To give a true picture of the surrounding matter is the task of natural science.

2 The lecture to be followed by an experiment is to take place at our Institute.

3 To increase the productivity of labor one must use the methods we have just described.

4 Astronomers use radar to explore the Universe.

5 The designer must test system to be used in the laboratory.

Задание 4.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение:

1 We would professor N. tell us what books on marketing we were to read first.

2 A man he had never seen before was standing near the table.

3 The road the town built last year opened new prospects for its development.

4 The Institute I go to is one of the biggest educational institutions in our city.

5 Roentgen found out new rays influenced photographic plates.

Задание 5.

Письменно переведите текст и выучите лексику активного словаря

THE FOURP'S

  There are four principal controllable factors that provide the most effective choice for the consumer the Four P's: product, price place and promotion. The owner of a factory manufacturing transportational equipment could produce an economy car, a luxury car, truck, van, tractor, motocycle and apply different marketing techniques.

  Place includes location of production and distribution. The place to see your product could be in dealers' showrooms or directly from the factory or from catalogues, direct-mail coupons, even telemarketing with telephone sales people of through computer shopping services.

  Promotion includes all forms of marketing communication (advertising, direct mail customer service, image, special events, sales and the product or service itself). Promotion is the most complex thing - how to select and divide your market according to the type of product, its price and where it will be available. Each group of the population has its own values to which you want to make your product appeal.

  The most controllable of these factors is the first "P" - Product (service).

  All products and services have what have traditionally called "product life cycles".

  The stages of the product life cycle are: introduction, growth, maturity and decline.

  The length of a product life cycle depends upon the

- intensity of the competition

- extent to which the new product is an innovation, a modification of an existing product

- introductory timing of technology superior products marketing techniques.

Words and word combinations

controllable factors - управляемые факторы

promotion - продвижение товара

distribution - распространение, распределение

marketing communications - маркетинговые коммуникации

product life cycle - жизненный цикл продукции

decline - спад деловой активности

Вариант 3

Задание 1.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на разные значения слов one, that, it:

1. It was hard for him to live on his small pension.

2. Iron is one of the most expensive metals in the word.

3. I was made to do it.

4. In London one must get used to the left side traffic.

5. That was the last role Vivien Leigh played.

Задание 2.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Укажите время и залог глагола-сказуемого.

1. Lectures are always followed by practical work: students are given many experiments to make and different problems to solve.

2. Work in this field is being conducted jointly by scientists of different countries.

3. By 8 o'clock all the experiments will have been finished.

4. A large series of the latest type of tankers had been launched at the Baltijsky Shipbuilding plant by the end of last year.

5. Pure chemical elements practically are never met with.

Задание 3.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива:

1. The building to house atomic reactors should be at some distance from all other buildings.

2. To explain this simple fact is not very easy.

3. The difficulty will be to obtain the substance in its pure form.

4. There were many problems to be solved in order to understand these phenomena.

5. There are several letters for the manager to sign.

Задание 4.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение:

1. Fruit we eat in winter comes from the places where it grows.

2. The text the student is reading is about our cosmonauts.

3. Einstein gave an entirely new idea of the world we live in.

4. The experiments showed this substance was unique in its properties.

5. The test we have made is of great importance for us.

Задание 5. Письменно переведите текст и выучите лексику активного словаря.