Music and musical instruments

The students of KSMU

The Karaganda state medical University was founded in 1950. As in all medical universities of our Republic the course of studies is six years. During this period the students master the basis of theoretical and practical medicine.

For two years the students learn the so- called pre-clinical subjects, such as Chemistry, human anatomy, Biology, Histology and others. The students work much in class, at the University laboratories and libraries. The students have clinical subjects from the third to the fifth year. During this period the students learn to diagnose different diseases, to carry out laboratory analyses and to treat patients for these diseases. In the sixth year the students gain more experience in one of the main clinical subjects: Therapy, Surgery or Obstetrics. These subjects are very necessary for future doctors. Some students join students’ scientific societies. There they work on those subjects which they care for. It may be Biology, Chemistry or Anatomy and others.

In the Anatomy scientific society the subject of the students work may be the study of the heart or other organs of the body.

In the second year some students join the Physiology scientific society where they study the functions of the organs. The work in the scientific societies will help the students to gain more experience and increase the knowledge in the field of medicine.  

2.  Father & Daughter – whose day is more stressful?

Nico is a chef and has his own restaurant, the Blue Jar. He lives in Chile with his wife and her three children, aged 16, 12, and 9.

06:30 I get up and make breakfast for the children. Then I have breakfast –a coffee and cereal –and I read the sports section of the paper.

07:15 I go to the market to buy fruit and vegetables for the restaurant.

08:45 When I get to the restaurant I check the reservations and my emails, and plan the special menu of the day. I have my second cup of coffee.

10:30 I start cooking. The radio is on, and we are busy with breakfast orders, but we also have to prepare the food for lunch.

12:00 I check the tables, and have my third coffee.

13:30 Suddenly everyone arrives at the same time and the restaurant is full (on a good day). I start to shout instructions at the chefs and waiters. We make lunch for 85 people in about an hour and a half.

14:45 I come into the restaurant and talk to the customers, and ask if they are happy with the food. I’m really hungry now.

15:30 Finally I have lunch. I don’t enjoy it very much because I don’t have time to relax.

16:00 After lunch I go back to the kitchen and plan the food for the evening menu.

17:30 I go home to be with the family for a couple of hours. The children do their homework and I make their dinner.

19:30 I go back to the restaurant, which is full again, and I check everything is ok.

22:00 I go home and have a shower. Then I collapse on the sofa with a sandwich and a glass of wine.

23:00 I go to bed, ready to start again the next day. 

3. What did you really do at the weekend?

    The next time a friend or colleague tells you about their fantastic weekend, wait a moment before you start feeling jealous- maybe they are inventing it all!

A survey of 5,000 adults in the UK has shown that one person in four invents details about their weekend because they want to impress their friends. When they are asked, Die you have a good weekend? They don’t like to say that they just stayed at home and watched TV, because it sounds boring. So they invent the details. The most common lie that people told was ‘l went out on Saturday night’, when really they didn’t go anywhere. Other common lies were ‘l had a romantic meal’, ‘l went to party’, and ‘l went away for the weekend’.

In fact, in the survey, 30% of people who answered the questions said that they spent their weekend sleeping or resting because they were so tired at the end the week.

Another 30% said that they needed to work or study at the weekend. Psychologist Corinne Sweet says that people often don’t tell the truth about their weekend ‘because we don’t want to feel that everyone else is having a better time than us, if we have had a boring weekend doing housework, paperwork, or just resting after a tiring week at work’, She also believes that networking sites as Facebook and Twitter may be encouraging us invent details about our social lives. People can create an illusion of who they want to be and the life they want to live‘, says Corinne, ‘and of course they want that life to seem exciting’.

Astana

Astana (the former Akmola) was founded in 1830 as a fortification of Russian Empire. In 1862 stanitsa Akmola got the status of a town. In the course of time Akmola became the centre of trade fairs where merchants from all over Kazakhstan, Russia, Central Asia, India and other countries gathered to sell cattle and agricultural products. For a long time Akmola was an outpost of Russian Empire seeking the way to developed trade and its political influence upon Central Asia in XVIII-XIX centuries. With the growth of anti – tsarist and revolutionary public mood the Akmola prison became over crowed with those who wanted freedom. In March 1917 the Soviet Power was established in Akmola.

Many changes have taken place since then. Akmola played an important role in supplying the Soviet Army with raw materials and products during the Second World War. In 1961 Akmola was renamed into Tselinograd and became the centre of Tselinny Krai. In 1992 the city got its name Akmola again and since October 1997 Akmola has become a new capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Later on it got its present name Astana. Astana is a modern growing city, a political, financial, economic, scientific and socio-cultural centre of the state. There are a lot of magnificent beautiful buildings, higher educational establishments, colleges and secondary schools, hotels, banks and other commercial structures in Astana, the new capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There are many places of interest in Astana: the Central Square the Republic Avenue, the Palace of Youth and the Bridge across the Ishim River, the Reginal Museum of Fine Arts and others. From everywhere you can see Baiterek, the symbol of prosperity and happiness.

WHAT TO DO IN LONDON

WHEN IT'S VERY COLD

Go ice skating at Somerset House. Somerset House is a beautiful 18th century building on the river Thames. In the winter, the area in front of the house is made into an ice-skating rink. There is a skating school, where you can have lessons, and there are also late-night sessions and DJ nights. In November and December there is an enormous Christmas tree, and the cafe serves special Christmas food.

WHEN IT'S RAINING

Go to South Kensington, and visit three wonderful museums. You can walk from one to the other because they are all very near. The Science Museum is very popular with adults and children, and also the Natural History Museum, which has life-size robotic dinosaurs and other fascinating exhibits. The third museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, is full of art and design from all over the world. It has an amazing collection of fashion from the 17^th century to the present day. And if the sun comes out, cross the road into Kensington Gardens, one of London's many parks, and visit the famous statue of Peter Pan.

WHEN THE SUN IS SHINING

Go to Hampstead Heath, London's biggest park.

From the top of Parliament Hill, in the south part of the Heath, you can see many of London's famous monuments, including St. Paul's Cathedral and the London Eye. Have a picnic, and then, if it's hot, walk to the open-air swimming pool, where you can swim with plants and trees all round you. It is a magical place, and you can't believe that you are in the middle of a capital city.

WHERE CAN YOU ... ?

Washington

Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any separate state but to all the states. The district is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America. The capital owes much to the first President of the USA -George Washington. It was G. Washington, who chose the place for the District and laid in 1790 the corner-stone of the Capitol, where Congress sits.

Washington is not the largest city in the USA. It has a population of 900 000 people. Washington is a one-industry town. That industry is government. It does not produce anything except very much scrap paper. Every day 25 railway cars leave Washington loaded with scrap paper.

Washington has many historical places. The largest and tallest among the buildings is the Capitol with its great House of Representatives and the Senate chamber. There are no skyscrapers in Washington because no other building must be taller than the Capitol. The White House is the President's residence. All American presidents except George Washington (the White House was not yet built in his time), have lived in the White House. It was built in 1799. It is a two-storied, white building.

Not far from the Capitol is the Washington Monument, which looks like a very big pencil. It rises 160 metres and is hollow inside. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds from where they can enjoy a wonderful view of the whole city.

The Jefferson Memorial was built in memory of the third President of the USA, Thomas Jefferson, who was also the author of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is surrounded by cherry-trees. The Lincoln Memorial devoted to the memory of the 16th President of the US, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation, which gave freedom to Negro slaves in America.

On the other bank of the Potomac lies the Arlington National Cemetery where President Kennedy was buried. American soldiers and officers, who died in World Wars I and II are buried there too.

Stonehenge

The Stonehenge stone circles are in England. People transported the first stones to this place about 5000 years ago. We don't know a lot about Stonehenge. Who built it? How did they build it? Why did they build it? It's a mystery.

People built Stonehenge with bluestones and sarsen stones. There were about 80 bluestones. They came from mountains 250 kilometers away. They are very heavy – some weigh about 4 metric tons. The sarsen stones are even bigger and heavier. About 4000 years ago, people transported them from 30 kilometers away.

How did people use Stonehenge? Maybe they used it as a cemetery or a place for studying the sun and the stars. Maybe it was also a temple. It's still a special place for some people today. Every year, on June 21st, lots of people go to Stonehenge to celebrate the longest day of the year.

Customs in Kazakhstan

The Kazakhs are an extremely hospitable people. If you come to a Kazakh home unexpected you will be received as if you had been invited. Since early childhood principles of respect of guests and older people as well as peacefulness and tolerance are instilled in every Kazakh and these are the national features of Kazakh culture and traditions. This is why Kazakhstan didn't have any significant national or religious conflicts in its history. Traditionally every guest is offered dishes of national Kazakh cuisine at the dastarkhan (the low table) in a yurt.

Yurts

The yurt is one of the most sensible movable house. It is a comfortable and practical home, ideally suited to the local conditions and way of life – one of the greatest inventions of Eurasian nomads.

It is easily taken apart (it is said that a Kazakh woman can do it in half an hour) and carried on horses and camels. The yurt consists of three main elements: an extensible trellis base (the kerege), a dome made of poles (the uyk) and a round top (the shanyrak).

In ancient times Turks were reputed as the most skillful felt-makers of portable dwellings. Nowadays the Kazakhs use felt to cover the yurt and for its internal decoration, as well as to make carpets, dresses and shoes. The Kazakhs live in surrounded with ornaments. Each yurt is decorated with beautiful handmade wall carpets and multi-colored embroideries.

Handicrafts

Handicrafts – harnesses, felt mats (tekemets), articles made of wood, bone and metal – are lavishly decorated. Headdresses, dresses, bags and saddle-cloths are beautifully embroidered. They use traditional designs and carvings to make and decorate the wooden cups, large bowls and ladles used to serve for kumis (fermented mare's milk).

The horns of mountain rams and goats are used to decorate beds and caskets. Leather is used to make quivers, belts, harnesses and flasks (torsyks) for water and kumis Kazakh artisans are also very skillful jewelers.

Steppe zergers (jewelers.) favor white silver. Traditional Kazakh bell-shaped earrings, original bracelets (blezics), or the traditional bracelet linked to three rings by fine chains will certainly attract you.

The Kazakh national dress

The Kazakh national dress varies by regions. Men wear chapans, a kind of dressing gown with a belt, made of velvet and richly embroidered. They cover their heads with a soft skullcap (tobetai), a tall felt cap (kalpak) or a fox-fur hat with earflaps (malakai).

The women's national costume consists of a white cotton or colored silk dress, a velvet waistcoat with embroidery and a cap or a silk scarf. Elderly women wear a hood made of white cloth with a hole for the face (the kimeshek). Brides wear a tall pointed, richly decorated hat, topped with feathers (saukele).

Music and musical instruments

The Kazakhs love the art of words and their akyns (poets), who improvise at public competitions (aitys) accompanied by national stringed musical instruments: the dombra or the kobyz.

National games

National games: these are usually performed on horse-back and are an opportunity to witness the Kazakh's outstanding riding skills. Kazaksha kures (Kazakh wrestling), baiga (horse racing over 25, 50 or 100 km), kokpar (a sort of polo game played with a dead goat), kyz-kuu (catch the girl) and alty bakan (six-pole swing).

Nauryz

Nauryz (the Islamic New Year) is one of the biggest holidays in Central Asia. It is celebrated on the day of spring equinox of March 22. On that day, the streets of villages and towns are transformed. Guests are met in beautiful yurts with the traditional Nauryz kozhe dish made of seven traditional ingredients. People respecting this nearly month-long holiday forgive each other debts and offences.

Holiday in UK

A April Fool’s Day is on 1^st April. It isn’t a public holiday, but it’s a day when people play jokes on friends and family. Some good jokes are in the newspapers or on TV – for example, one year on the BBC there was a programme about spaghetti trees in Switzerland. Many people believed it was true!

BIn most countries, May Day is on 1^st May, but in the UK the holiday is always the first Monday of May. A traditional May Day activity is maypole dancing, when people in colourful clothes dance around a tree or a pole to celebrate the end of winter and the start of sunny weather.

C Boxing Day is a holiday on 26^th December. If this is a weekend, then the holiday is the following Monday. The name comes from the custom of giving servants a small box with a present or money on this day. Some families meet to watch sport, while others prefer to go shopping on the first day of the sales.

D Bonfire Night isn’t a holiday but it is a national celebration. On 5^th November, people remember Guy Fawkes’ plan to destroy the English Parliament in 1605. The plan was not a success, and every year since then towns and villages have huge bonfires and fantastic firework displays. They also burn a model of the man responsible for the plan: Guy Fawkes.

10.Customs and traditions. Holidays in the USA.

Martin Luther King’s Day

It is celebrated on the Third Monday of every January beginning in 1986. Martin Luther King was a black clergyman who became famous all over the world for his campaigns to win full civil rights for the black people in the USA, because black people were discriminated in different spheres of life. For example, black people were not allowed to eat in the same places with white people, their children could not study at schools together with white children. The whole world was shocked when King was killed in 1968. The Congress decided to make the third Monday in January a holiday in honour of Martin Luther King.

Presidents` Day

At first it was celebrated on February 22, the birthday of George Washington, first president of the USA. In most states Americans also celebrated Abraham Lincoln’s birthday on February 12. In 1970 the American Congress decided to honour all past presidents of the country on a single day which was called Presidents` Day, and which is observed on the third Monday in February.

Memorial Day

It is celebrated on the fourth Monday of every May, when the Americans honour the dead. They remember the dead of all wars and all other dead. Special ceremonies are held in cemeteries, at monuments for the war dead, in churches, schools, or other public places.

Independence Day

The fourth of July is known as Independence Day when the USA was proclaimed an independent republic in 1776. It is a very great holiday marked by parades, flying of flags all over the country and picnics.

Columbus Day

The New World was discovered by Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492. Most countries of the American continents celebrate this discovery on October 12, but in the USA Columbus Day is celebrated on the second Monday in October. A great parade takes place in New York on this day.

Veterans` Day

It is celebrated on November 11. This was the date when the First World War ended in 1918. On Veterans` Day the Americans honour veterans of all the wars in which the USA took part. The President of the USA places a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery which is situated at Washington, D.C. Organizations of war veterans organize parades and different ceremonies, collect money for veterans, invalids and other people in need.

Halloween

Halloween is a festival that takes place on October 31. In the USA children wear costumes and masks and go trick-or-treating. Many of them carve jack-o’-lanterns out of pumpkins. Fortunetelling and storytelling about ghosts and witches are popular activities.

Halloween developed from New Year festivals and festivals of the dead. Christian church established a festival on November 1 called All Saints’ Day so that people could continue to celebrate their festivals. The Mass said on All Saints’ Day was called Allhallowmass. The day before All Saints’ Day was known all hallows’ Eve or All Hallow e’en. 

Thanksgiving Day

The American Thanksgiving began as a feast of thanksgiving almost four hundred years ago. In 1620, a religious community sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World. They arrived too late to grow a rich harvest. Moreover, half the colony died from disease. The following spring the Iroquois Indians taught them how to grow corn, hunt and fish. In the autumn of 1621 they got a beautiful harvest of corn, barley, beans and pumpkins. The colonists had much to be thankful for, so they planned a feast.

After the USA gained independence, the Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole country. Later, Abraham Lincoln suggested the last Thursday in November to be the day of thanksgiving.

11.Karaganda State Medical University

Karaganda State Medical Institute was founded in 1950. In 1997, it was transformed into Karaganda State Medical Academy. In 2008, on rating of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, KSMU took 2^nd place among all medial high schools and 8^th place among 60 high schools of our country.

KSMU today is one of the advanced medical educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan according to the rating of the National centre, which was carried out in 2008. Nowadays, KSMU is the leading medical school in the Republic.

About 5000 students from all regions of Kazakhstan are trained in our high school at 4 faculties – General Medicine and Dentistry faculty; Internship faculty; Preventive Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy faculty; faculty of continuous professional development. Training at the University is held in 3 languages – Kazakh, Russian and English.

The competitiveness of the University is supported by the advanced infrastructure: 5 comfortable education buildings with lecture halls and classrooms, 6 hostels, 46 clinical bases of faculties, as well Polyclinic, Consultative-diagnostic Center, Dental Clinic.

For these years, KSMU has given the permits in life to 32742 doctors. Graduates of KSMU successfully work both in Kazakhstan and abroad. High quality of training of experts for practical public health services, active participation in realization of priority directions of development of KSMU, the reforms, which are based on the main rules of public health services and Messages of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan allow to look ahead confidently.

Raushan Sultanovna Dosmagambetova is the head of the University, PhD, and professor.

Education in Karaganda State Medical University is the guarantee of stable future.

12.My schooldays

       David Suchet, actor, played Hercule Poirot in the TV series of Agatha Christie murder mysteries. Interview by Tim Oglethorpe

       1 Where did you go to school?

       Grenham House, a boarding school in Kent, and Wellington School, a private school in Somerset.

       2 ________________________________________

       One thing my schooldays did teach me was the importance of teamwork. At boarding school, I was an outsider and I was really, truly unhappy there. When I started playing sport at Grenham House, I became a member of a team, and I felt a lot better about myself. Like sport, acting is also nearly always a team event and you rely just as much on other people as they do on you.

3 ________________________________________

Yes, I did. My brother and I both went to the same school and sometimes, we used to break the rules. In private schools at that time, a common punishment used to be ‘the cane’: a long stick, which the head teacher used for hitting naughty boys. Both of us were caned on several occasions.

4________________________________________

Well, I wasn’t very academic at all, really, and I was very bad at maths. Luckily for me, I was really good at sport and that’s the only reason they accepted me at Wellington. I was in the school rugby team, and I also played tennis. I played at Wimbledon once, in the junior tournament, and I got through to the second round.

5 ________________________________________

Although I was good at sport, I never really considered taking it up professionally. Once I left Wellington, I wanted to become an actor and I didn’t play nearly as much sport when I left school.

6________________________________________

Yes, my favourite teacher was Mr Storr, head of the school tennis team, and also my English teacher. One day, when I was 14 or 15, I had to read in class. After the class, he said to me, ‘The way you read suggests you might enjoy acting. Would you consider playing Macbeth in the second play?’ That was the beginning of my acting career, and I’ve never looked back since.

My Future Profession

There are many interesting and noble professions. I want to be a doctor. It is an interesting profession.

I understand that it is necessary to study a lot to become a doctor. I also understand that this profession requires great responsibility because it deals with the most precious thing that a person has — with his health.

My mother and my grandfather are doctors. My grandfather is working as a surgeon in a hospital. I have been several times at the hospital and spent some time watching him working.

His main task is to operate on the people. After each operation he takes care of patients until they are recovered.

He listens very attentively to what his patients tell him. He is always kind and attentive to his patients. They feel it and believe him, and it makes his work easier. I know that he wants to see all his patients able — bodied and I notice that he is happy when his patient is recovered.

My grandfather can also help if somebody catches a cold or has a fever. My grandfather told me a lot of true stories about doctors and their profession.

I love and respect my grandfather and want to become a doctor as well.

Our examination session

If you pass all your exams while studying medicine you will go on to become a doctor. This may well seem like stating the obvious, but it’s worth taking a step back and thinking about this. By passing you in an exam a university is certifying that you are competent enough in that subject area to continue on the path to becoming a doctor. What does this mean for you? First of all it means that it can be quite difficult to pass your exams. In other subjects you are certified as competent by scoring a decent grade, however in medicine if you pass you will be guaranteed to continue down the path of clinical school and continue on to a professional medical career. While there is the drawback of having an especially tough time passing exams this is also a very exciting prospect. If you manage to continue at a reasonable level, putting enough work in, you will qualify as a doctor. Compare this with a subject such as law, where if you pass your law degree with a decent grade you are not guaranteed to become a lawyer; you are not even guaranteed a job. This is also the case with engineering, while you may become a certified engineer it does not mean you have any kind of reassurance that you will go on to have a job in engineering. If things get tough and you think you might struggle to pass just remember that by passing you are taking one step more towards being a doctor. This might seem like a fairly trivial point, but it should not be overlooked. The truth for many courses is that you are only really studying in order to pass your exams and once you have managed this, the information which you have tried so hard to learn is largely useless to you. This is very much not the case in medicine, with areas of study including anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and pathology all being directly applicable in diagnosing, understanding and treating a disease. Not only is this a great incentive to learn the core course material well, in order that you will be a competent doctor, it is also an incentive to go beyond the basic lecture material and satisfy your curiosity about what you have been taught. As a medic this extra detail could one day be put into practice in a clinical situation and could make a crucial difference to a patient. When you are studying medicine you are not just studying for the next exam but taking the first steps on a course of lifelong learning, building your basis of professional knowledge throughout your medical career.