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Adjectives from Nouns and Verbs. Verbs from Nouns and Adjectives
The typical suffixes forming adjectives from nouns and verbs and those forming verbs from nouns and adjectives
Note the meaning of the suffixes -ful and -less: -ful means "having", "with", e.g. beautiful, careful, harmful, peaceful. -less means "without", "lacking", e.g. careless, friendless, harmless. Note that the suffix -ly is used both in adverbs and adjectives. Note that the verbs in the list below do not follow the above pattern: breath — to breathe large — to enlarge belief— to believe proof—to prove courage — to encourage relief— to relieve danger — to endanger rich — to enrich Ex. 1. Go over the list of adjectives made from nouns and verbs and verbs made from nouns and adjectives and group them according to the suffixes used. agriculture — agricultural to create — creative alphabet — alphabetical to cure — curable ambition — ambitious to agree — agreeable anger — angry to decide — decisive courage — courageous to enjoy — enjoyable democracy — democratic to predict — predictable envy — envious to prepare — preparatory fortune — fortunate to prevent — preventive health — healthy to suit — suitable help — helpful to talk — talkative honour — honourable to value — valuable humour — humorous dark — to darken hunger—hungry deaf—to deafen luck — lucky deep — to deepen music — musical fright — to frighten mystery — mysterious identity — to identify nerve — nervous ideal — to idealize passion — passionate length — to lengthen science — scientific pure — to purify sense — sensitive ripe — to ripen thirst — thirsty sharp — to sharpen wave — wavy weak — to weaken week — weekly wide — to widen to adapt — adaptable worse — to worsen
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using the appropriate derivatives of the words in brackets. 1. Those wires look a bit ... . If I were you I would be more careful. (danger) 2. English weather is very ... . It's often different from day to day. (change) 3. Long leather boots were extremely ... at one time. (fashion) 4. The country exports ... over two million tons of rice. (year) 5. Until the situation has settled down, it is not ... to travel to that country. (advise) 6. He's looking forward to starting his new job, but at the same time he's a bit ... . (nerve) 7. I'm very pleased with my job. It's a very... company to work in. (friend) 8. I think people who help the old, sick and ... are the salt of the earth. (home) 9. He's not very ... .What he needs is someone to look after him and do everything for him. (care) 10. Jack is always in trouble though the rest of the family are ... , honest people. (respect) 11. The report which doesn't contain all the necessary facts is ... and makes a bad impression. (use) 12. A lot of people wear jeans and sweaters because they are cheap and ... . (practice) 13. Smoking is... to health and in many countries a warning is printed on every packet of cigarettes. (harm) 14. A taxi, sometimes called a cab, is the most ... way of travel. (comfort) 15. It takes ... patience to teach small children. (consider)
Negative Prefixes For study The prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, un- change the meaning of words from positive into negative. They are used with different parts of speech. to obey — to disobey, legal — illegal, patient — impatient, definite — indefinite, regular — irregular, rest — unrest § The same negative prefix is usually used with all derivatives of a word: possible — impossible — impossibility; but: pleasant — unpleasant, displeased, displeasure; comfortable — uncomfortable, discomforted, discomfort; fortunate —unfortunate, misfortune. § Some words have two negative forms. convenient — inconvenient, unconvenien;t decisive — indecisive, undecisive Ex. 1. Go over the list of words with negative prefixes and group them according to the prefixes used. conscious — unconscious tidy — untidy convenient — inconvenient usual — unusual curable — incurable to agree — to disagree dependent — independent to appear — to disappear expensive — inexpensive to approve — to disapprove experienced — inexperienced to believe — to disbelieve familiar — unfamiliar to inherit — to disinherit forgettable — unforgettable to like — to dislike formal — informal to lock — to unlock friendly — unfriendly to obey — to disobey grateful — ungrateful to pack — to unpack happy — unhappy to satisfy — to dissatisfy honest — dishonest to tie — to untie important — unimportant to trust — to distrust legal — illegal ability — inability literate — illiterate balance — imbalance logical — illogical belief — disbelief lucky — unlucky comfort- discomfort mature — immature employment — unemployment patient — impatient experience — inexperience pleasant — unpleasant fortune — misfortune popular — unpopular happiness — unhappiness possible — impossible qualification — disqualification punctual — unpunctual respect — disrespect regular — irregular rest —unrest respectful — disrespectful similarity — dissimilarity responsible — irresponsible
Ex. 2. Add one of the negative prefixes in each space to make the word which follows opposite in meaning. 1. It is the most ...believable story I've ever heard. 2. I am afraid this is a very ...convenient arrangement. 3. The country became ...dependent soon after the end of World War II. 4. My parents ...approve of early marriages. 5. John left his job because he was ... able to deal with such a large amount of work. 6. When the ambulance came, the man was ...conscious after being knocked down by a car. 7. It’s his first job and he is very ...experienced. 8. We had a long talk but we still ... agree on a number of points. 9. Last summer I stayed in Paris for two weeks. It was an ...forgettable experience. 10. It was dark in the corridor and it took us ages to ...lock the door. 11. The sitting-room looks …tidy after last night's party. 12. Sailing in a boat during the storm was a very ...pleasant experience. 13. The weather is ...usually warm for this time of the year. 14. He's usually rather ...patient and ...friendly, but I must say hi was very sympathetic when I told him about my family problems 15. He just can't stop talking. He goes on and on about totally ...important things.
Ex. 1. Complete the sentences using the appropriate derivatives of the words in brackets. 1. I had a ... with the boss about the work I was doing, so I left. (agree) 2. It's a good idea in theory, but rather ... . (practice) 3. He isn't fit for such a ... job. He's ... at making decisions. (response, hope) 4. Most people nowadays regard television as a... rather than a luxury. (necessary) 5. Having our passports stolen was a rather ... start to our holiday. (fortune) 6. I did a very stupid thing, but ... nobody saw me. (luck) 7. I like this car. It's always been very ... . (rely) 8. You are always ... . Isn't there anything that makes you happy? (misery) 9. It was a very ... experience and it took a long time to get over it. (upset) 10. The road signs were so ... that I didn't know which way to go. (confuse) 11. I'm afraid he's got very ... habits. (irritate) 12. It was only after a great deal of persistence that I got a ... answer. (satisfy) 13. It takes a lot of determination to ... in a ... business. (success, compete) 14. His arrogant attitude made him ... with the other people in the office. (popular) 15. That was a rather ... remark. You've obviously upset him. (tact)
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