Complete the following sentences.

0. You must put down this formula lest  …

You must put down this formula lest you should forget it.

1. We would know his address lest…

2. I braked lest…

3. I wouldn’t break my promise lest …

4. He put the letter away lest …

5. Students must work hard lest…

6. He left the country lest …

7. He spelled the word many times lest …

8. She wrote down the number of his telephone lest …

Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Any flying vehicle is acted upon by aerodynamic forces.

2. New developments in the field of superconductivity are much written about.

3. This statement was followed by a long discussion.

4. This garbage must be disposed of as soon as possible.

5. A number of important subjects have not been dealt with in detail.

6. I’m sure this arrangement will be insisted on.

7. The new discovery is being much spoken about.

8. Her article is referred to by all those who work at this problem.

Translate the sentences into English

1   Я не хочу ни кофе, ни чай.

2   Ни родители, ни сестра мне сегодня не звонили.

3   Он может или подождать, или идти без меня.

4   Мне не нравится ни красный, ни желтый цвет. Я люблю зеленый.

5  Какой из этих фильмов тебе нравится? Мне не нравится никакой.

6   Вы собираетесь завтра в кино или ресторан?

7   Возьмите эту книгу либо в библиотеке, либо в читальном зале.

8   Эти проблемы не кажутся сложными ни мне, ни моему другу.

6  Complete the text. Use the words below.

devices superconductivity transformers cost-effective innovations transmission circuits

Technological applications of superconductivity

Some technological ________ benefiting from the discovery of __________ include sensitive magnetometers, digital circuits, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, beam-steering magnets in particle accelerators, electric power _______ cables and microwave filters (e.g for mobile phone base stations).

Promising future industrial and commercial applications include _________, power storage, propulsion systems for vehicles such ships and spacecraft, electric motors, super fast computer _________ and magnetic levitation __________. Most applications employ the well-understood conventional superconductors, but it is expected that high-temperature superconductors will soon become more __________ in many cases.

Read the quotation and comment on it

“It doesn’t matter whether you can or cannot achieve high temperature superconductivity or fuel cells, they will always be on the list because if you could achieve them they would be extremely valuable”                                                                                                      Martin Fleishmann

Work in pairs and take turns

Student A: close your book

Student B: look at the words below ask your partner to write them down. Then check the spellings.

Essential vocabulary

assume v               density n              resistance n                          

below adv             finally adv           resistivity n

benefit n               insulator n            satisfactory a

boil v                    introduce v           suddenly adv

cool v                    lack v                   sufficiently adv

continue v             likely adv             superconductor n

current n               lose v                    superconductivity n  

discover v             pass v                    wire n

Exercise 4 on page 20

Student B:

1 One of the biggest successes in the recent past is the production of a flexible yttrium-barium-copper-oxide tape, created in April 1995

2 Electricity has become an essential energy source in our modern life. However, today’s power cables can carry only limited currents otherwise they would heat and melt. A network of superconducting power cables would solve this problem because 1000 times more electric current can flow through them: smaller cables with more current

3 Superconductors can also be used to make a device known as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This is incredibly sensitive to small magnetic fields so that it can detect __________(What?). For comparison, the Earth’s magnetic field is about 10 -4 Tesla. As a result, SQUIDs are used in medical diagnostics on the brain.

4 A use of large and powerful superconducting electromagnets is in a possible future energy source known as nuclear fusion. ___________(What?) is currently being built in the south of France that will use large superconducting magnets and is due for completion in _______(When?) It is expected that this will demonstrate energy production using nuclear fusion.