Complete the sentences with the correct names of the scientists.

 1 The Meissner effect, a property of all superconductors, was discovered by the German physicists ____________ and___________

 2 The BCS theory, the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since the discovery in1911 is named after ________, __________, and ____________.

 3_________had discovered that electrons in a superconductor are grouped in pairs, now called Cooper pairs, and that the motions of all of the Cooper pairs within a single superconductor are correlated; they constitute a system that functions as a single entity.

11 Watch the videoMeissner effect and answer the questions. Then describe the experiment

Useful notes

Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) – широко применяемый высокотемпературный

сверхпроводник оксид иттрия-бария-меди. Он является первым полученным

сверхпроводником с критической температурой больше 77К (Тк=92К)

moisture - влага

fragile - хрупкий

levitate - парить в воздухе

1 What was used as a superconducting sample in the experiment?

2 Why shouldn’t you touch the superconductor with your hands?

3 What was put on top of the superconductor?

4 What was liquid nitrogen used for?

 5 What happened with the magnet?   

12 Translate these sentences into English.

1 Эффект Джозефсона это явление протекания сверхпроводящего тока через тонкий слой диэлектрика, разделяющий два сверхпроводника. Такой ток называют током Джозефсона,

 а такое соединение сверхпроводников контактом Джозефсона.

2 Эффект Мейснера заключается в том, что постоянное не слишком сильное магнитное поле выталкивается из сверхпроводящего магнитного образца. В толще сверхпроводника   магнитное поле ослабляется до нуля. 

3  Как представлял себе Купер, между двумя электронами существует притяжение, которое

     должно приводить к образованию связанных пар. Такие пары стали называть куперовскими

Study the table

Subjunctive Mood after the verb TO WISH

13Open the brackets using the correct form of Subjunctive Mood after “I wish”

1. She wishes she (to see) her at yesterday’s party.

2. I wish it (to be) sunny.

3. He wishes he (can) tell the future.

4. Do you wish you (be) in the Guinness Book of Records?

5. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea.

6. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before?

7. I wish I (not to lend Alice my car.

8. She often wishes things (to be) different.

14 Translate the sentences into English.

1. I wish he would agree to go there.

2. I wish it were spring now.

3. I wish you had time.

4. I wish he knew the truth.

5. We wish he hadn’t gone.

6. She wished she had taken his advice.

7. I wish you could do this task immediately.

8. He wished she had returned.

9. I wish I were faster.

10. I wish you had mentioned this fact to me before.

11. My friend wishes he had been a mechanical engineer.

PAY ATTENTION TO:  after LEST – SHOULD + INFINITIVE (чтобы не…)

                                                SO THAT                                    (чтобы; с тем, чтобы)

 Put it downlest you should forget it. – Запиши это, чтобы не забыть.

 He bought me the book so that I should read it. – Он принес мне книгу (для того), чтобы я прочел ее.

15 Translate the sentences into Russian

1 Put your money into the pocket lest you should forget it.

2 Repeat these words so that you might remember them.

3 You should revise the material lest you forget it.

4 She opened the window lest it should be stuffy in the room.

5 Leave the door open so that the cat may come in.

6 You have to be careful lest you might make a mistake.

7 Metal parts are tested for defects lest they should fail in operations.

8 All kinds of safety devices for motor cars are being developed lest accidents should occur.

16 Say the same sentences using the construction “I wish”

e.g. I don’t like living in the city. – I wish I didn’t live in the city.

1 I didn’t know about that fact.

2 I don’t have much free time.

3 I don’t know what to do.

4 I’m sorry I can’t drive.

5 It’s a pity he didn’t work harder during the term.

6 I’d like you to keep quiet.

17 Translate the sentences into English.

1 Он говорил медленно, чтобы мы могли понять его.

2 Я боюсь, как бы я ни сделал в тесте слишком много ошибок.

3 Если бы она пришла сегодня вечером!

4 Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда!

5 Жаль, что вас не интересует данный вопрос.

6 Я бы хотел, чтобы вы мне все рассказали.

18 Say the same sentences, using the construction “I wish …”

e.g. I don’t like living in the city. – I wish I didn’t live in the city.

1 I want a better-paid job.

2 I don’t have much free time.

3 I didn’t know about that fact.

4 I’m sorry I can’t drive.

5 I’d like you to keep quiet.

6 It’s a pity he didn’t work harder during the term.