Add a subordinate clause using the Past Perfect to express a prior action.

Example: She was good at swimming… because she had spent the whole summer at the seaside.

1. Jane was the best student of the group…

2. We offered to help Mike…

3. He left the door open…

4. The washing machine didn’t work…

5. His test-paper was the best…

6. I left University…

7. Jane got to the station on time….

8. She knew English perfectly…

9. The party was a success…

10. She looked upset….

11.4 Answer the following questions usinghardly …when, scarcely… when, no sooner…than.

Example: When did you meet Jack?

 Hardly had I come back from Paris, when I met Jack.

1. When did you take your entrance exams?

2. When did you join the library?

3. When did you see your group-mates for the first time?

4. When did you turn out your flat?

5. When did you do the shopping?

6. When did you buy your new shoes?

7. When did you buy this dictionary?

8. When did you help Mary?

9. When did you go to visit her?

10. When did you have dinner?

11.5 Make one sentence from two sentences. Use the conjunctions hardly …when, scarcely… when, no sooner…than.

Example: The plane took off. She felt unwell.

     No sooner had the plane taken off, than she felt unwell.

1. Peter opened the door. He saw his brother.

2. She laid the table. Her friends came.

3. He missed the classes without a reasonable excuse. He got a reprimand.

4. He learned the rule. He started doing the exercises.

5. He collected the necessary data. He started writing his essay.

6. She wrote a letter. She went to mail it.

7. They heard the bell. They hurried out of the room.

8. They got acquainted. They became friends.

9. They left the house. It became to rain.

10. They started their trip. She fell ill.

Translate into English.

1. На пути домой он старался вспомнить, когда последний раз видел Джона.

2. Она уехала к родителям до того, как пришла телеграмма.

3. Было гораздо холоднее, чем она предполагала.

4. Он не жалел, что познакомился с ней.

5. Он ждал, пока она оденет ребёнка.

6. К пяти часам все уже собрались в гостиной.

7. Она знала, что он даст ей книгу только после того, как сам её прочитает.

8. Он не помнил ее имени и не помнил, чтобы когда-либо встречал её раньше.

9. Он знал, что она придёт, как только завершит эксперимент.

10. Она закончила упаковывать вещи, когда её сестра постучала в дверь.

Join the two sentences together using the Past Perfect.

Example: I was asleep. (2 hours). The pizza arrived.

I had been asleep for two hours when the pizza arrived.

1. I enjoyed skating at the rink (an hour). The light went off.

2. I was at home (half an hour). The telegram about my arrival was delivered.

3. My dress was ready (a week). I went to take it.

4. I was through with the test-paper (a quarter of an hour).The bell rang.

5. I waited for you at home (for two hours). You rang me up.

6. I worked at my pronunciation (20 minutes) I left the lab.

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

The Past Perfect Continuous is used:

1) to denote an action which began before a definite moment in the past, continued up to that moment and was still going on at that moment. In this case either the starting point is indicated (the conjunction since is used) or the whole period of duration (the preposition for is used).

    I had been tidying up for an hour before you called me.

    We couldn’t go out because it had been raining since early morning.

2) to denote an action which was no longer going on at the definite moment in the past, but which had been in progress not long before.

    She had been crying because her eyes were red and swollen.

Complete the sentences making it possible to use the Past Perfect Continuous.

Example: They had been skating at the rink… for 2 hours when their friends joined them at last.

1. He had been reading…

2. Jane had been washing…

3. We had been sealing up the windows…

4. He had been standing in the line…

5. She had been writing out the new words…

6. They had been making the arrangements…

7. They had been rehearsing the play…

8. She had been learning the poem by heart…

9. Mike had been working hard…

10. Nelly had been working by fits and starts…

Make one sentence from two using the Past Perfect Continuous and making the necessary changes.

Example: Jane was having a splitting headache. She took a pill.

    Jane had been having a splitting headache for 2 hours before she took a pill.

1. Nick was writing a letter. We came home.

2. They were walking. They reached the forest.

3. They were playing volleyball. The bell rang.

4. Peter was listening to the record. His friend came.

5. The teacher was explaining the rule. We started doing exercises.

6. We were making arrangements. He arrived.

7. We were discussing the problem. Michael entered the classroom.

8. They were driving in the car. They reached the town.

9. The mother was cooking. The children agreed to help her.

10. Ann was tidying up the flat. It looked sick and span.

Complete the following sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous.

1. By the time the lesson was over…

2. I had been waiting at the entrance…

3. When I came into the assembly hall…

4. By the end of the last month…

5. He failed at the exam because…

6. Mary had been studying French…

7. He spoke English well because...

8. She had been doing the room…

9. She had been cooking…

10. She looked tired as…

Revision 3

The Past Tenses

Say what past tenses are used in the following sentences and why.

1. He was out of breath as he had been running for half an hour.

2. At five yesterday I was doing the same job.

3. She waited until he had finished speaking.

4. They were sitting around the table and talking when I came into the room.

5. He used to cram before the exams.

6. The child was always running about making a lot of noise.

Put the verbs in brackets into either the Past Simple or the Past Continuous tense.

1. As she_________ (to cross) the road, she________ (to slip) and________ (to fall). 2. My tooth_______ (to break) when I________ (to eat) a nut. 3. When I________ (to talk) he (to interrupt) me. 4. When she______ (to pick) up the teapot, the handle____ (to come off). 5. A noise in the room_______ (to attract) his attention. 6. As he______ (to stride) up a village street he_______ (to see) his friend: Robert just_______ (to get) into his car and ________(to say) a few final words to his agent. 7. When he_______ (to get) home his wife________ (to speak) over the telephone. 8. From the lawns nearby he________ (to hear) animated voices. He _________(to look up) and_________ (to see) three men sitting on the lawn; one of them________ (to drink) ale. 9. I just_________ (to say) to Jim that you were somewhat late.10. He________ (to look) up at the pantry ceiling, which_______ (to shake) with the stamping and shuffling of feet on the floor above,_________ (to listen) for a moment to the piano and then_________ (to glance) at the girl, who________ (to sort) tins carefully at the end of a shelf. 11. George was suddenly aware the beautiful girl in the office_________ (to address) him. 12. Constantia still________ (to gaze) at the clock; she couldn't make up her mind if it was fast or slow. 13. When he_______ (to enter), she _________(to fix) her hair. 14. That night Arthur ________(to sleep) hardly at all. He__________________ (to think, to toss, to turn). 15. Val_________ (to like) to look at her husband while he_________ (to read). 16. It was said that Mrs Murphy________ (to begin) to travel. She________ (stay) in many, and the best, hotels, ________(to glance) into the windows of the most exclusive shops, _________(to buy) expensive objects for which she had no need. Incidentally, she ___________(to cross) oceans, __________(to climb) mountains. In the course of her travels, naturally, she___________ (to receive) several proposals of marriage, then suddenly she ________(to grow) bored and________ (return) to her home town. 17. "At last, Kate, I __________(to think) you never______ (to come).