Text Geology of the Grand Canyon
ТЕСТ К ЭКЗАМЕНУ
по учебной дисциплине
Иностранный (Английский) язык
для студентов II курса ГРФ
ВАРИАНТ 04.1.3.2005
Составители: ст. преп. Н.Н. Апухтина
преп. П.В. Борисова
преп. К.Б. Санталова
Санкт-Петербург
2005г.
I. БЛОК АУДИРОВАНИЯ
Listen to the text and four dialogues and answer the questions. For item 1-15 choose the best answer 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
Text
| №
| Вопросы
| Варианты ответов
| | 1.
| The change in average temperature has led to…
| 1. … glaciers forming up in different parts of the planet.
2. …glaciers melting all over the world.
3. … glaciers increasing in size.
4. … glaciers expanding.
5. No information is given in the text.
| | 2.
| The Earth’s atmosphere …
| 1. … acts like a glass in a greenhouse generating heat.
2. … bounces heat waves into space.
3. … prevents heat radiation from escaping to space.
4. … acts as a barrier for solar radiation.
5. … acts as a good conductor of heat.
| | 3.
| When resources of oil and coal are exhausted…
| 1. … the climate might become warmer and this will mean a disaster.
2. … this will mean a disaster as the climate might become colder.
3. … the climate might become colder.
4. … the climate will not change.
5. No information is given in the text.
| | 4.
| Wide application of atomic energy…
| 1. … will lead to a catastrophe.
2. … will mark the beginning of Nuclear Age.
3. … will replace traditional energy sources.
4. … will lead to a nuclear winter.
5. … will mark the beginning of the Ice Age.
| | 5.
| Large masses of ice at the poles…
| 1. … have no influence on the Earth’s climate.
2. … affect the climate immensely.
3. … have little influence on the planet’s climate.
4. …are the result of recent changes in climate.
5. … remain motionless.
| | 6.
| The ice at the Poles remains perpetually frozen because…
| 1. … the Sun’s heat is absorbed by the blinding white wastes.
2. … it reflects sun rays.
3. … summer lasts for only 24 hours there.
4. … the temperature there never rises above zero.
5. … it is isolated by thick layers of minerals.
| | 7.
| What would happen if the polar ice cover was melted?
| 1.It wouldsoon reform on the same scale.
2. The 5th continent would become a desert.
3. The mankind would gain new lands to settle.
4. New minerals would be found there.
5. There would be an eruption of a volcano.
| | 8.
| According to the author, the best way to thaw the ice caps is …
| 1. … to use atomic power.
2. … to dust the ice black and let the Sun do the work.
3. … to cover the snow with carbon dust and set fire to it.
4. … to set up a network of one-kilowatt electric fires, spaced five feet apart.
5. … to blast them.
|
Dialogue 1
| №
| Вопросы
| Варианты ответов
| | 9.
| What place is Mr. Novak calling?
| 1. A railway booking-office.
2.A university president’s office.
3. A restaurant.
4. A news agency’s office.
5. A hairdressing salon.
| | 10.
| How many people will meet at this place on Sunday at 7.30.?
| 1. None at all.
2. Eight persons.
3. Five persons.
4. Seven persons.
5. Four persons.
|
Dialogue 2
| 11.
| Why did Mr. Stepanov believe personal contacts were so important?
| 1. No information is given in the text.
2. Because one had a chance to read a paper and listen to a talk.
3. Because one had a chance to see the sights of the places where the conference was held.
4. Because one could see a lot of other scientists.
5. Because one could make a personal contact with people from different coutries which is more important than reading or listening to a talk.
| | 12.
| What chances do people have to get to know each other better at such a gathering?
| 1. While reading a paper.
2. While listening to a talk.
3. While attending the conference of the scope like this.
4. While attending a reception at the beginning of the conference where people can socialize, get to know each other better and the conference dinner at the end which puts a finishing touch to it resulting in making a personal contact.
5. The greatest advantage of raising a toast to the organizers of the conference.
| | 13.
| How much time is usually given to each speaker for presenting a paper?
| 1. No one knows how much time.
2. Fifty minutes at the most.
3. Fifteen minutes at the most.
4. Twelve minutes at the most.
5. Twenty minutes at the most.
|
Dialogue 3
| 14.
| What does the man criticize the woman for?
| 1. Wearing fur
2. Carrying a pistol
3. Being a vegetarian
4. Wearing leather
5. Being too talkative
|
Dialogue 4
| 15.
| A woman is talking to a friend about her children’s hobby. What is it?
| 1. Karate
2. Computer games
3. Collecting stamps
4. Chess
5. Playing the guitar
|
II. БЛОК ЧТЕНИЯ
Read the text. Choose the best alternatives 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 to answer the questions.
Text Geology of the Grand Canyon
The Gigantic Canyon is hidden, so that you come on it suddenly. You are in high country, but on a flat plain covered with nice-smelling pine woods. The best way to see the Canyon is to do exactly what most people do: walk over to the rim and look.
Look at what? At the inside of the earth. When you stand there at the rim looking down, you see two things. One: the hole itself, which is an odd, terrific, scenic thing, unique. The other: what you see through the hole. And this is not unique. You would see much the same sort of thing if you could cut the earth open in France or England, Texas or Arabia. It is a cross-section of the earth’s crust.
The earth’s crust is built up of layers of different rocks. At the Canyon one can clearly see 12 major layers, some red, some gray, some brown. Many of them are so regular, clear-cut, neat, they look almost manmade.
These layers in the Grand Canyon prove that the region, now a mile-and-a-half above sea level, was under the sea not only once but several times. At one time the river brought red mud. At another the sea was deep, and limestone formed. At still another time it was a river mouth, with sand bars and beaches.
Look down into the deepest part of the Canyon where the Colorado River is cutting a V-shaped gorge. You see that the rock there is dark and quite different from all the other layers. That’s the original land that went under the sea. Scientists call it the “basement”.
The interesting thing is that such layers aren’t just in Arizona. They are found all over the world. Most parts of the world have been under water at least once, and have come up again covered with a crust of fish bones and sea shells.
Why land sinks under the sea and rises again nobody knows. But it going on right now! The United States’ west coast is slowly rising, the southeast sinking. Scandinavia is tilting, the northern part going up, the southern part down. The Netherlands is sinking an inch every 100 years.
| 16.
| What is the best way to see the Grand Canyon?
| 1. walk around in the bottom of it
2. stand on the rim and look across
3. climb up the sides of it
4. walk over to the rim and look
5. to fly in a helicopter over it
| | 17.
| Which cross-section can you see looking down and standing at the rim?
| 1. the earth’s surface
2. the earth’s mantle
3. the earth’s core
4. the earth’s crust
5. the earth’s inner zone
| | 18.
| What kind of structure do the Grand Canyon’s rocks possess?
| 1.unconsolidated
2. gneissoid
3. layered
4. brecciaed
5. nodular
| | 19.
| Why do some layers look like man-made?
| 1. they are neat, clear-up and irregular
2. they are too colour full to be natural
3. they are red, some dry and brown
4. they contain technogenic waste
5. they are clear-up, regular and neat
| | 20.
| What kind of information relating to the history of the area can be obtained by studying the layers of the Grand Canyon?
| 1. it was never above sea level
2. it was under the sea once
3. it was half under the water and half out
4. it was a mile-and-half above sea level
5. it was under the sea several times
| | 21.
| What rocktypes are the constituent parts of the layers?
| 1. pyroclastic
2. volcanic
3. sedimentary
4. igneous
5. ore-bearing
| | 22.
| What is the evidence of the land once having been under the water?
| 1.heterogenous structure
2. chemical composition of rock
3. mineral assemblage
4. structure peculiarities
5. signs of marine life
| | 23.
| What geologic processes is land subjected to right now?
| 1. rising fast on all the continents
2. sinking in some places and rising in others
3. slowly rising on the American continent
4. no any movements
5. periodical eruptions
| | 24.
| The Canyon is a high country, but on a flat plain covered with nice-smelling … woods.
| 1. oak
2. birch
3. pine
4. fir-tree
5. linden
| | 25.
| The deepest part of the Canyon is…
| 1. where the Colorado River is cutting a V-shaped gorge
2. a flat plain covered with nice-smelling pine woods
3. a gash a mile deep, 4 to 18 miles across. 217 miles long
4. to the north-west of Arizona
5. just near the river mouth
|
Text
Put down the paragraphs in a proper way. He understood!
| 26.
| “You see”, said the traveler who had drawn the cow, “what a pencil can do for a man who has difficulties in a foreign country”. After some time the waiter was back, but he brought no milk. He put down before the two men two tickets for a bullfight.
| | 27.
| Two Americans were travelling in Spain. One morning they entered a little restaurant for lunch. They did not know Spanish. The waiter did not speak English. So, they tried to make him understand that they wanted some milk and sandwiches. At first they pronounced the word “milk” many times. Then they spelled it. But the waiter still did not understand.
| | 28.
| At last one of the travelers took a piece of paper and began to draw a cow. He was just finishing his drawing, when the waiter looked at it and ran out of the room.
|
Text
Fill in the gaps:
29 Fersman ranks 30 those leading mineralogists who have converted mineralogy from a purely 31 science into a science based 32 the most fundamental chemical investigations.
As the organizer of the Chemical Institute in Moscow,
Fersman worked 33 the basic lines for the study of the chemical elements and, an so doing, laid the foundations for the scientific surveying and 34 of economic minerals. On the other hand, the establishment by him in his Institute of the laws of the connections 35 the occurrence of economic minerals and basic geochemical causes led to his 36 a series of scientific expeditions directed 37 him in the Academy.
Many scores of scientific expeditions organized 38 his leadership 39 very diverse regions of the Soviet Union and he personally took part 40 many of these. He was the leader of the important investigation of the Kara-Kum Desert, which resulted in the discovery of big sulphur deposits, the organization of a large-scale factory and the production of sulphur and sulphur products.
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