SOME FACTS ABOUT GREAT BRITAIN

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· Foreigners have many ideas about what the English are like. Some people consider them to be cold and reserved.

· As the weather in Britain is mild, British people do the gardening almost all the year round.

· Mowing grass is also very important. They do it every Sunday morning. The British see an unmown lawn as a sign of laziness and as disrespect to others.

· Cycling is a very popular activity especially on the country roads because they are not very busy and dangerous.

· Fish and chips is the classic English take-away food. It is usually bought ready cooked at fish and chip shops.

· The British are said to drink about 2 billion cups of tea a day. They drink green and black tea, with milk and without it.

· Double- deckers were designed specially for London by people who knew what London needed. Big London buses are recognized all over the world.

· The first double- deckers were driven by horses . Since 1911 they have been London’s ‘king of the road’.

· The black London taxi cab is another traditional symbol of London. It looks old-fashioned and clumsy, but it’s comfortable and speedy.

· it’s comfortable and speedy.

THE UNION JACK

This is the popular name given to the flag of Great Britain. Actually it is called the Union Flag and it is a mixture of several flags.

It all began in 1606 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The Scottish flag, St. Andrew’s Cross, blue with a white cross from corner to corner, was joined to the English Flag, St. George’s Cross, with a red cross. The flag of St. George can still be seen on churches in England.

Later, in 1801, when Ireland was joined to the union, as it called, the Irish Flag of St. Patrick’s Cross was added, white with a red cross from corner to corner.

In this way the English people got the Union Flag which is red, white and blue. King James the Third (1566 - 1622) ordered that the Union Flag should be flown on the main mast of all British ships, except on ships of war. Here the flag was flown at the front of the bowsprit. The end of the bowsprit was called the Jake Star and so we get the name of Union Jack. A “jack”, by the way, is an old word for the sailor. The Union Jack is also on the flags of Australia and New Zealand.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Put the verbs into the correct tense and form:

1. ……… a good time last weekend? (you/have)

2. I ……… that film three times but I’d like to see it again. (see)

3. She ……… to Mary when I saw her in town. (talk)

4. Where ……… for your holidays next year? (you/go)

5. Be careful with that glass. If you drop it, it ……… . (break)

6. I usually ……… with Joanna on Saturday nights but she’s away this weekend. (go out)

7. Where’s Annie? She ……… the shopping at the moment. (do)

8. It was a beautiful morning. The sun ……… and the birds ……… . (shine/sing)

9. If you ……… harder, you’ll fail the exam. (not/study)

Ex. 2. Write the sentences, choosing one of the modals.

1. We are leaving tonight, so you (should/must) buy a ticket for the flight.

2. (May/Might) I come in?

3. David (can/could) cook well when he wants to.

4. 'Do you think it (can/might) rain?' 'Yes, possibly. We don't want to get wet so I think we (should/must) take our raincoats.'

5. Jenny tried to carry him but she (can't/couldn't).

6. We (can/might) visit my cousin in Australia next year but we don't know yet.

7. In many countries, you (should/must) wear a seat belt in the car - it's the law.

8. (Can/May) you hold this for me, please?

9. I know they enjoy their work but they (shouldn't/'mustn't) work at the weekends. It's not good for them. I think they (should/must) spend time at home with their families.

10. The letter (can/may) arrive tomorrow.

Ex. 3. Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, should or must in the positive or negative:

1. Richard's only three but he …….. swim very well.

2. You've had that headache for two days. I think you …….. go to the doctor.

3. I don't think we …….. go to the beach because it rains this afternoon.

4. I lived in Germany as a child so I …….. speak German then but I …….. speak it now.

5. You …….. remember to take your passport tomorrow.

6. …….. you close the door, please?

7. We …….. move house next year but we're not sure yet.

8. Passengers …….. smoke when the plane is taking off.

9. I think you …….. play tennis with Sally. She play really well.

10. “Do you think I …….. learn some Portuguese before I go to Brazil?” – “Yes, that would be a good idea.”

11. We …….. remember to pay this bill before the weekend. It’s very important. If we don't, we'll have no electricity.

12. I know you like sugar but you …….. eat quite so much. It's bad for you.

13. I'll be at work on Saturday so I'm afraid I …….. come to the football match with you.

14. I was listening very carefully but I …….. hear what she said.

15. They don't like living in the countryside. I think they …….. move back to the city but they don't agree.

Ex. 4. Circle the correct words to complete the sentences:

1. She (won't/wouldn't) have all these problems if she was more efficient.

2. If it (rains/rained), we'll go by bus.

3. Where (will/would) you live if you could choose?

4. The boss always (gets/got) angry if people are late for work.

5. Mary (can't/'couldn't) speak English when I first met her.

6. You look tired. You (might/should) go to bed.

7. (Must/Can) you close the door, please?

8. I think it (can/may) rain tomorrow.

9. Our car broke down so we (had to/must) take a taxi.

10. You (don't have to/mustn't) tell anyone. It's a secret!

Ex. 5. Supply the modals or their equivalents:

1. There were so many questions he … not answer.

2. … I ask a few minutes private conversation with him?

3. “I am afraid I … be going now”, he said.

4. Her English is very poor, she … study very hard.

5. They … know how to divide their time between studies and rest.

6. I … write my test. It proved to be too difficult.

7. We … not leave class without permission.

8. The students … settle that question at the conference last week.

UNIT 7. LONDON

Read, translate and retell the text:

LONDON

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. London is an ancient city. The population of London is about 8 million people. London is one of the biggest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. It is situated on the banks of the river Thames. London consists of four important sections: the West End, the East End, the City, and Westminster.

The City is a small part of London but it is the financial and the business centre of the country. There are a lot of banks and various offices here. We can also see here one of the greatest English churches – Saint Paul’s Cathedral. Many famous people are buried here.

Not far away is Westminster – the administrative centre of London. The Houses of Parliament are situated here. It is the seat of the British Government. The building is very beautiful with its two towers and a big clock called Big Ben.

Westminster Abbey where kings and queens are crowned is opposite the Houses of Parliament.

The West End is the part of London where the rich people live. Fine houses, wide street, numerous parks are to be found here. The best cinemas, theatres, famous shops, comfortable hotels, large museums are situated here. The most beautiful London park – Hyde Park – is in this district too.

The East End is the poorest part of London. It includes the port, docks. The workers and the unemployed live here.

London is famous for its outstanding places of interest. There are many architectural, art and historic monuments in London such as the British Museum, the Tower of London, the National Gallery, Buckingham Palace and many others.

ADD TO YOUR ACTIVE VOCABULARY:

ancient – древний

population – население

business – деловой, коммерческий

Saint Paul’s Cathedral – Собор Святого Павла

to bury – хоронить

not far away – недалеко

seat – зд. местопребывание

to crown – короновать

tower – башня

district – район

unemployed – безработный

outstanding – выдающийся

Ex. 1. Answer the questions:

1. What is London?

2. What can you say about its population?

3. Where is it situated?

4. How many parts are there in London?

5. What are they?

6. What can we see in the City?

7. Where are the Houses of Parliament situated?

8. Where do the rich people do?

9. What is the most beautiful park?

10. Will you name the famous places of interest in London?

Ex. 2. Take equivalents to the underlined words from the text and write down new sentences:

1. Many spectators were waiting for the well-known actor near the theatre.

2. The high grey modern building is the commercial centre of the oil company.

3. This very old part of Rome is often shown in many feature films.

4. We were greatly impressed by the beautiful sights of Paris.

5. This new arm-chair is very convenient to have a rest in.

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