Тема 7. Бухгалтерское дело.Балансовый отчет.

accounting — бухгалтерское дело;

legislative body — законодательный орган;

appraise — оценивать;

performance — показатели работы;

devote — уделять;

data — данные;

financial statement — финансовый отчет;

balance sheet — балансовый отчет;

income statement — отчет о доходах;

cash flow statement— баланс оборотных средств;

financial situation — финансовое положение;

balance sheet — балансовый отчет;

assets — активы;

liabilities — обязательства;

in exchange for — в обмен на;

equity — собственные средства;

on behalf of — от имени кого-либо;

identity — тождество;

equation — уравнение;

inevitable — неизбежно;

accompany — сопровождать;

current assets — оборотный капитал;

fixed assets — основной капитал;

intangible assets — нематериальные активы;

real estate — недвижимость;

trademark — торговая марка;

goodwill — репутация.

Balancesheet

A balance sheet describes the resources that are under a company’s control on a specified date and indicates where these resources have come from. Any balance sheet consists of three major sections: (1) the assets: material values and money resources owned by the company; (2) the liabilities: the funds that have been provided by outside lenders and other creditors in exchange for the company’s promise to make payments or to provide services in the future; and (3) the owners’ equity: the funds that have been provided by the company’s owners or on their behalf. The list of assets shows the forms in which the company’s resources are kept; the lists of liabilities and the owners’ equity indicate where these same resources have come from. The balance sheet, in other words, shows the company’s resources from two points of view, and the following relationship must always exist: total assets are total liabilities plus total owners’ equity. This same identity is also expressed in another way: total assets minus total liabilities equals total owners’ equity. In this form, the equation emphasizes that the owners’ equity in the company is always equal to the net assets (assets minus liabilities). Any increase in one will inevitably be accompanied by an increase in the other, and the only way to increase the owners’ equity is to increase the net assets.

VII. Restore the word order in the questions and answer them.

1) What a balance sheet describe does? 2) What a balance sheet does indicate? 3) What sections any balance sheet does consist of? 4) What by the term “assets” is meant? 5) What is by the term “liabilities” meant? 6) What funds the owners’ equity include does? 7) What the list of assets does show? 8) What the lists of liabilities and the owners’ equity do indicate? 9) What equation the balance sheet must show? 10) What this equation does emphasize ? 11) What the only way to increase the owners’ equity is?

VIII. Translate the following questions from Russian into English and answer them.

1) Как называется документ бухгалтерского учета, который в денежном выражении дает представление о состоянии дел фирмы на определенную дату?

2) Как называется часть бухгалтерского баланса, отражающего на определенную дату все принадлежащие данному предприятию материальные ценности и денежные средства?

3) Активы компании — это оборотный капитал компании, основной капитал компании и нематериальные активы компании?

 4) Оборотный капитал компании — это наличные деньги и сырье, не так ли?

5) Основной капитал компании — это недвижимость, машины и оборудование, не так ли?

6) Нематериальные активы компании — это патенты, репутация и торговая марка, не так ли?

Отчет о доходах. Отчет оборотных средств.

Study the words and the word-combinations.

income statement — отчет о доходах;

assets ['æsets] — активы;

net income — чистый доход;

sales revenue — доходы от продаж;

obtain — получать;

consume — расходовать;

Income statement

The company uses its assets to produce goods and services. The company’s success depends on whether it is wise or lucky in the assets it chooses to hold and in the ways it uses these assets to produce goods and services. The company’s success is measured by the amount of profit it earns. Net income is the accountant’s term for the amount of profit that is reported for a particular time period. The company’s income statement for a period of time shows how the net income for that period was derived. The first line in the company’s income statement shows the company’s net sales revenues for the period: the assets obtained from customers in exchange for the goods and services. The second line summarizes the company’s revenues from other sources. The income statement next shows the expenses of the period: the assets that were consumed while the revenues were being created. The expenses are usually broken down into several categories (cost of merchandise sold, salaries of employees, depreciation, and etc.) indicating what the assets were used for. The income statement shows only a single number, the net gain on the sale. If net income is negative, it is referred to as a net loss.

II. Restore the word order in the questions and answer them.

1) What the company’s income statement does show? 2) What the first line in the company’s income statement show does? 3) What the second line in the does company’s income statement summarizes? 4) What does expenses the income statement show? 5) What does number the income statement show? 6) What is to as a net loss referred?

III. Translate the following questions from Russian into English and answer them.

1) Чистый доход – это доход после уплаты всех налогов? 2) Чистый убыток – это когда расходы превышают доходы? 3) Что включает в себя понятие «стоимость»? 4) Что включает в себя понятие «издержки»? 5) Зарплата работающих по найму отражена в отчете о доходах? 6) Амортизация – это постепенное снижение ценности основных фондов вследствие их изнашивания? 7) Амортизация – это постепенное перенесение стоимости основных фондов на вырабатываемую продукцию с целью накопления средств для их обновления?

IV. Complete the statements.

1) The company uses … 2) The company’s success depends on … 3) The company’s success is measured by … 4) Net income is … 5) The company’s income statement shows … 6) The first line in the company’s income statement shows … 7) The second line in the company’s income statement summarizes … 8) The income statement next shows … 9) The expenses are broken down into … and indicate … 10) The income statement shows only …