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Анализ финансовой устойчивости предприятия.




Рубежная контрольно-проверочная работа

«Диагностика вероятности банкротства конкретного предприятия»

Содержание работы:

1. Общая характеристика предприятия.

2. Анализ ликвидности.

3. Анализ финансовой устойчивости предприятия.

4.  Оценка вероятности банкротства предприятия.

Выводы.

Приложения (форма № 1, 2).

Список использованных источников.

 

       1. Общая характеристика предприятия.

    В пункте 1 студент дает краткую, объективную характеристику анализируемого предприятия  по следующим направлениям:

    - история развития предприятия (когда и кем образовано; цели и задачи деятельности; перспективы дальнейшего развития);

    - краткая характеристика организационно-правовой формы и учредительных документов предприятия;

    - основные виды продукции, работ, услуг предприятия, рынки их сбыта, уровень конкурентоспособности.

    Общая характеристика предприятия завершается предоставлением основных финансово-экономических показателей деятельности предприятия (табл. 1) за два последних года. При этом после каждой таблицы студентом должны быть представлены соответствующие выводы.

Таблица 1 – Основные финансово-экономические показатели деятельности предприятия (указать название) за ______ г.

Наименование показателей

Величина показателя

Темп роста, %

Прошлый год Отчетный год
Выручка от реализации (продукции, работ, услуг), тыс. руб.      
Численность персонала, чел.      
в т.ч. рабочих, чел.      
Среднегодовая выработка, тыс. руб.      
1 работающего      
1 рабочего      
Себестоимость (издержки обращения), тыс. руб.      
Прибыль от реализации, тыс. руб.      
Затраты на 1 рубль реализации, руб.      
Рентабельность продукции (деятельности), %      
Рентабельность продаж, %      

Анализ ликвидности.

Для анализа ликвидности используют такие приемы, как анализ ликвидности баланса и расчет коэффициентов ликвидности.

Для удобства проведения анализа ликвидности баланса, оформления его результатов, а также опре­деления изменений в ликвидности и их причин за отчетный период составляется таблица анализа ликвидности баланса (табл.2).

Таблица 2 – Ликвидность баланса предприятия (указать название предприятия) на начало и конец _____ года, тыс. руб.

Активы

на начало года

на конец года

Пассивы

на начало года

на конец года

Платежный излишек (+) или недостаток (-)

на начало года

на конец года

А1

 

 

П1

 

 

 

 

А2

 

 

П2

 

 

 

 

А3

 

 

П3

 

 

 

 

А4

 

 

П4

 

 

 

 

 

Анализ ликвидности баланса заключается в сравнении средств по активу, сгруппированных по степени убывающей ликвидности, с краткосрочными обязательствами по пассиву, которые группируются по степени срочности их погашения. Теоретически дефицит средств по одной группе активов компенсируется избытком по другой. Однако на практике менее ликвидные активы не могут заменить более ликвидные средства. Поэтому если любое из неравенств имеет знак, противоположный зафиксированному в оптимальном варианте, то ликвидность баланса отличается от абсолютной.

Для качественной оценки финансового положения предприятия кроме абсолютных показателей ликвидности баланса целесообразно с помощью финансовых коэффициентов количественно оценивать соотношение имеющихся оборотных активов (по их видам) и краткосрочных обязательств с точки зрения возможности их последующего погашения.


 

Таблица 3 – Коэффициенты ликвидности предприятия (указать название предприятия) на начало и конец _____ года

Показатель на начало года на конец года

+/-изменение

Нормативное значение
Коэффициент текущей ликвидности

 

 

 

1,5 - 2

Коэффициент быстрой ликвидности

 

 

 

0,8- 1

Коэффициент абсолютной ликвидности

 

 

 

0,25 – 0,3

Коэффициент обеспеченности собственными средствами

 

 

 

≥ 0,1

 

 

Анализ ликвидности баланса заключается в сравнении средств по активу, сгруппированных по степени убывающей ликвидности, с краткосрочными обязательствами по пассиву, которые группируются по степени срочности их погашения. Теоретически дефицит средств по одной группе активов компенсируется избытком по другой. Однако на практике менее ликвидные активы не могут заменить более ликвидные средства. Поэтому если любое из неравенств имеет знак, противоположный зафиксированному в оптимальном варианте, то ликвидность баланса отличается от абсолютной.

 


Анализ финансовой устойчивости предприятия.

На данном этапе анализа финансового состояния предприятия необходимо определить какова степень финансовой устойчивости предприятия, насколько предприятие защищено от случайностей и резких изменений внешних факторов.

Методика анализа финансовой устойчивости связана с расчетом финансовых коэффициентов. Одна из основных характеристик финансово-экономического состояния предприятия – степень зависимости от кредиторов и инвесторов, поэтому финансовая устойчивость любого предприятия во многом зависит от оптимальной структуры источников капитала. В связи с этим необходимо рассчитать и проанализировать основные относительные показатели финансовой устойчивости. Перечень показателей представлен в табл. 4.

Таблица 4 – Финансовые коэффициенты устойчивости предприятия (указать название предприятия) на начало и конец _____ года

Показатель

на начало года на конец года

+/-изменение

Нормативное значение

Коэффициент автономии

 

 

 

Коэффициент концентрации заемного капитала

 

 

 

< 0,5

Коэффициент финансовой устойчивости

 

 

 

≥ 0,6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

Коэффициент капитализации

 

 

 

< 1,5

Коэффициент обеспеченности собственными источниками финансирования

 

 

 

≥ 0,5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

  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