VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

Методические указания и рекомендации для выполнения

Контрольной работы № 2

(специальности 1-36 04 02 «Промышленная электроника» и 1-53 01 02 «Автоматизированные системы обработки информации»)

Темы по грамматике для самостоятельной подготовки:

1. Видовременные формы глагола:

а) активный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

б) пассивный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

2. Неличные формы глагола, их употребление и способы перевода на русский язык:

а) Инфинитив, его формы, инфинитивные конструкции;

б) Конструкции с причастием I и причастием II;

в) Герундий. Конструкции с герундием;

3. Условные предложения. Их типы.

Список литературы

Основная:

1.Оразюк О.А., Шелепень Л.П. Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов факультета инновационной деятельности, управления и финансов и факультета заочного обучения по специальностям 1-36 04 02 «Промышленная электроника» и 1-53 01 02 «Автоматизированные системы обработки информации». БрГТУ – Брест, 2010.

2.Рахуба В.И. Практикум по грамматике английского языка. БрГТУ ‑ Брест, 2008.

Дополнительная:

3.Орлов С.Б. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и информационным технологиям: 60 тыс. терминов. – 4-е изд., перераб. и доп. ‑ М.: ИП Радио-Софт, 2005.

4.В.К. Мюллер Англо-русский словарь. – Москва: Русский язык медиа, 2011.

5.К.Н. Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич Практическая грамматика английского языка. – Москва, 2001.

6.Л.В. Хведченя Comprehensive English Grammar = Грамматика английского языка: учебное пособие. – Москва: Изд-во Гревцова, 2011.

Выполните следующие задания:

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Alice felt pleased with herself; she had found what she was looking for.

2. Also Clara tried to hide her face, I could see that she had been crying.

3. Large areas of forest are being destroyed every day.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, определите его форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I watched the plane take off and then I left.

2. The people being asked to take early retirement are all over the age of 60.

3. She wastes too much time lying on the beach all day long.

4. She takes no interest in making friends with her new neighbours.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них причастие. Определите тип причастия (Participle I, Participle II). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The children being moved to another school all have learning difficulties.

2. The book published last week is his first written for children

3. The agreement has been signed to protect the forests being cut down all over the world.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите и подчеркните в каждом из них конструкции с герундием. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The weather is so awful that I don’t fancy going out this evening.

2. If I give you the information, I risk losing my job.

3. One of the boys finally admitted having started the fire.

4. Why does Bill keep looking at his watch?

V.Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите тип условных предложений (I-реального условия; II-нереального условия, относящегося к настоящему или будущему; III-нереального условия, относящегося к прошлому; смешанный). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Unless we cut resources use and waste, we will face a decline in the quality of our lives.

2. I wouldn’t have taken your umbrella if I had known that it was the only one you had.

3. If he were clever he wouldn’t have behaved so foolishly.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-3-й абзацы текста.

Major Branches of Computer Science

Computer science can be divided into four main fields: software development, computer architecture (hardware), human-computer interfacing (the design of the most efficient ways for humans to use computers), and artificial intelligence (the attempt to make computers behave intelligently). Software development is concerned with creating computer programs that perform efficiently. Computer architecture is concerned with developing optimal hardware for specific computational needs. The areas of artificial intelligence (AI) and human-computer interfacing often involve the development of both software and hardware to solve specific problems.

In developing computer software, computer scientists and engineers study various areas and techniques of software design, such as the best types of programming languages and algorithms to use in specific programs, how to efficiently store and retrieve information, and the computational limits of certain software-computer combinations. Software designers must consider many factors when developing a program. Often, program performance in one area must be sacrificed for the sake of the general performance of the software. For instance, since computers have only a limited amount of memory, software designers must limit the number of features they include in a program so that it will not require more memory than the system it is designed for can supply.

Algorithms and data structures are the building blocks of computer programs. An algorithm is a precise step-by-step procedure for solving a problem within a finite time and using finite amount of memory. Common algorithms include searching collections such as matrix multiplication. Data structures are patterns for organizing information, and often represent relationships between data values. Some common data structures are called lists, arrays, records, stacks, queues and trees. Computer scientists continue to develop new algorithms and data structures to solve new problems and improve the efficiency of existing programs.

Software engineers use programming languages to communicate algorithms to a computer. Natural languages such as English are ambiguous – meaning that their grammatical structure and vocabulary can be interpreted in multiple ways – so they are not suited for programming. Instead, simple and unambiguous artificial languages are used. Computer scientists study ways of making programming languages more expressive, thereby simplifying programming and reducing errors. A program written in a programming language must be translated into machine language (the actual instructions that the computer follows). Computer scientists also develop better translation algorithms that produce more efficient machine language programs.

Databases and information retrieval are related fields of research. A database is an organized collection of information stored in a computer. Computer scientists attempt to make it easier for users to access databases, prevent access by unauthorized users, and improve access speed. They are also interested in developing techniques to compress the data, so that more can be stored in the same amount of memory. Databases are sometimes distributed over multiple computers that update the data simultaneously, which can lead to inconsistency in the stored information. To address this problem, computer scientists also study ways of preventing inconsistency without reducing access speed.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1) What are the four main fields of computer science?

2) What do computer scientists and engineers study?

3) Why must software designers limit the number of features they include in a program?

4) What is an algorithm?

5) What data structures do you know?

6) Why are natural languages not suited for programming?

7) What are databases used for?

8) What problem can databases distributed over multiple computers have?

Слова для выполнения заданий:

1) software ‑ программное обеспечение

2) hardware ‑ аппаратное обеспечение

3) artificial intelligence ‑ искусственный интеллект

4) human-computer interfacing ‑ организация сопряжения человек ‑ компьютер

5) to store ‑ хранить

6) to retrieve ‑ извлекать

7) data value ‑ исходное значение

8) programming language - язык программирования

9) database ‑ база данных

10) unauthorized user ‑ несанкционированный пользователь

11) to compress ‑ сжимать

12) inconsistency - несовместимость