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Экзаменационные  задания

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Дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский язык)

I.  Устная часть экзамена.

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«Agriculture develops roots in space»

The $60 billion-plus International Space Station is allowing scientists and other researchers to explore and develop food production systems in space that will enable sustained life support systems. Termed astroculture, these studies hold clues for increasing and sustaining Earth’s environmental and public health. Crops in Space? Absolutely... especially if people are to travel for months and years to other worlds and systems. It would be impossible, for instance, to send along enough food and water for a team of space explorers on a mission to Mars. The reality is food and water production over a full life cycle is essential for extended space exploration. But more importantly, space offers extraordinary possibilities for increasing the yield and vitality of food production on Earth and for the generation of self-sustaining life support systems wherever people may live. Astronauts have been trying to grow plants in space since the early days of space exploration.

«The International Fund for Animal Welfare»

The mission of the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) is to improve the welfare of wild and domestic animals throughout the world by reducing commercial exploitation of animals, protecting wildlife habitats, and assisting animals in distress. They seek to motivate the public to prevent cruelty to animals and to promote animal welfare and conservation policies that advance the well being of both animals and people. IFAW was founded in 1969 to confront the cruel commercial slaughter of harp and hooded seals. Having successfully rallied worldwide condemnation of the hunt, they have grown to become one of the largest international animal welfare organizations in the world. Today IFAW has offices in 12 countries and a staff of more than 200 experienced campaigners, legal and political experts, and internationally acclaimed scientists.

«Agribot»

An agricultural robot or agribot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. The main area of application of robots in agriculture is at the harvesting stage. Fruit picking robots, driverless tractor / sprayer, and sheep shearing robots are designed to replace human labour. The agricultural industry is behind other complementary industries in using robots because the sort of jobs involved in agriculture are not straightforward, and many repetitive tasks are not exactly the same every time. In most cases, a lot of factors have to be considered (e.g., the size and colour of the fruit to be picked) before the commencement of a task. Robots can be used for other horticultural tasks such as pruning, weeding, spraying and monitoring. Robots can also be used in livestock applications (livestock robotics) such as milking, washing and castrating.

«Climate and Natural Resources of the USA»

The United States of America is a very diverse country. Its nature, climate, population varies from the East Coast to the west, from the northern border to the southern. Climate is mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the southwest. Natural resources include coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, and timber. Natural hazards are a great deal of problems for the USA. Every year, they loose hundred millions of dollars, because of natural hazards. The USA is famous for hurricanes along the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico coasts and tornadoes in the Midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding. Sometimes there are tsunamis, volcanoes and earthquakes happen. Earthquakes are very often in California. Talking about environment, one should add that air pollution results in acid rains in both the US and Canada. The US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. Water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers takes place here.

«Agricultural in England»

The physical environment and natural resources of England are more favorable to agricultural development than those of other parts of the United Kingdom. A greater proportion of the land consists of lowlands with good soils where the climate is conducive to crop growing. The majority of English farms are small, most holdings being less than 250 acres (100 hectares); nonetheless, they are highly mechanized.

Wheat, the chief grain crop, is grown in the drier, sunnier counties of eastern and southern England, where new, stronger varieties have become increasingly widespread and average yields have risen significantly. Barley is grown mainly for livestock feed. The acreage under oats is gradually declining. Corn (maize) and rye are also grown. Principal potato-growing areas are the fenlands of Norfolk, Cambridge shire, and Lincolnshire; the clay soils of Humberside; and the peats of North Yorkshire. Sugar-beet production depends heavily on government subsidy because of competition from imported cane sugar. In recent years, acreage and yield for rape have increased. Grass and its variants are grown for feeding livestock.

«Agricultural in England»

The physical environment and natural resources of England are more favorable to agricultural development than those of other parts of the United Kingdom. A greater proportion of the land consists of lowlands with good soils where the climate is conducive to crop growing. The majority of English farms are small, most holdings being less than 250 acres (100 hectares); nonetheless, they are highly mechanized. Wheat, the chief grain crop, is grown in the drier, sunnier counties of eastern and southern England, where new, stronger varieties have become increasingly widespread and average yields have risen significantly. Barley is grown mainly for livestock feed.

The agriculture of England is primarily concerned with livestock husbandry and, in particular, with milk production. Dairying is important in every county, though the main concentrations are in western England. The quality of dairy cattle was improved considerably after World War II. The higher-yielding dairy breeds, including the Frisian and Ayrshire, have become more numerous than the once-dominant Shorthorn.

«Environment»

Environment comprises all of the external factors affecting an organism. These factors may be other living organisms (biotic factors) or nonliving variables (abiotic factors), such as temperature, rainfall, day length, wind, and ocean currents. The interactions of organisms with biotic and abiotic factors form an ecosystem.   Organisms and their environment constantly interact, and both are changed by this interaction. Like all other living creatures, humans have clearly changed their environment, but they have done so generally on a grander scale than have all other species. Some of these human-induced changes – such as the destruction of the world’s tropical rain forests to create farms or grazing land for cattle – have led to altered climate patterns. In turn, altered climate patterns have changed the way animals and plants are distributed in different ecosystems. Scientists study the long-term consequences of human actions on the environment, while environmentalists-professionals in various fields, as well as concerned citizens-advocate ways to lessen the impact of human activity on the natural world.

«Ecology»

Ecology is the study of the relationship of plants and animals with their physical and biological environment. The physical environment includes light and heat or solar radiation, moisture, wind, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients in soil, water, and atmosphere. The biological environment includes organisms of the same kind as well as other plants and animals. Because of the diverse approaches required to study organisms in their environment, ecology draws upon such fields as climatology, hydrology, oceanography, physics, chemistry, geology, and soil analysis. To study the relationships between organisms, ecology also involves such disparate sciences as animal behavior, taxonomy, physiology, and mathematics. An increased public awareness of environmental problems has made ecology a common but often misused word. It is confused with environmental programs and environmental science. Although the field is a distinct scientific discipline, ecology does indeed contribute to the study and understanding of environmental problems. The term "ecology" was introduced by the German biologist Ernst Heinrich Haeckel in 1866.

II. Практическая часть экзамена представлена в форме лексико-грамматического теста, который предполагает знание:

- времен английского глагола;         

- особенностей употребления определенного и неопределенного артиклей;

- степеней сравнения прилагательных;

- модальных глаголов;

- предлогов;

- множественного числа существительных;

- притяжательного числа существительных;

- основных лексических единиц по изученной тематике.

Тест 1

1) … British Isles lay to the north-west of … Europe.

a) - , - b) the, - c) the, the d) the, a

2)  My father … his car now.

a) wash b) washed c) washing d) is washing

3)  I can see three … in the photo.

a) woman b) women c) womans d) womens

4) Yesterday the students … to the interesting lecture on Literature.

a) listen  b) listened c) are listening d) have listened

5) I study at the faculty of …

 a) vet b) archives c) secretary d) bookkeeping

6) All means of travel has its advantages and …

a) discoveries b) dislikes c) disadvantages d) discounts

7)  … Оmsk is situated on … Irtysh.

a)  - , - b) - , the c) the, the d) the, a

8) Yesterday the students … at the exhibition.

a)  are    b) was c) being d) were

9)  Hobbies … like tastes.

a)  different b) differs c) differ  d) difference

10)  Some people like to travel … car.

a)  on b) in c) by d) into

11) The Tate Gallery … a number of collections of British and foreign modern painting.

a)  separates b) prepares c) exists d) exhibits

12) The Pacific Ocean is … deepest ocean in the world.

a) - b) the c) a d) an

Тест 2

1) Stop making such noise! Father ….

а)  is sleeping b) are sleeping c) sleeps d) have slept

2)Yesterday the students … to the interesting lecture on Literature.

a)  listen  b) listened c) are listening d) have listened

3) I can see three … in the photo.

a)  man b) men c) mans d) mens

4)  Last Tuesday he … upset and …..  no idea where to go.

a) is, have b) is, had c) was, had d) was, have

5) Various kinds of sports…. popular in Russia.

a) is b) are c) be d) am

6) Let`s stay here … longer: it is such a nice place.

a) much b) little c) a little d) a few

7)  My father is … than me.

a) strong b) more strong c) stronger d) the strongest

8) How many … have they got?

a) child b) children c) childs d) childes 

9) I`ve just made…. coffee. Would you like….?

a) any, some b) some, some c) any, any d) some, any

10) Our flat is very comfortable and … .

a) well b) well-planned  c) well-behaved  d) well-bred

11) You live in a multi-storied…. in Moscow.

a)  block of rooms b) block of flats c) block of lifts d) cathedral

12) The weather…. fine today. It…. warm, sunny and not windy.

a) was, was b) be, be c) is, is d) was, is

Тест 3

1) My cousin… live in Omsk, she… in the countryside.

 a) don`t, live b) didn`t, live c) isn`t, lives d) doesn`t, lives

2) My family has always been fond …sitting together in the evening and chatting.

a) in b) at c) of d) on

3) We ... five days a week.
a) work b) works c) are working d) are work

4) Look! The girl … the birds on the lake.

a) is feeding         b) feeds     c) feed   d) is feed

5) He … his parents every day.

a) don`t help    b) doesn`t helps c) isn`t help   d) doesn`t help

6) I am not an …, so it`s not easy for me to get up early in the morning.

a) student b) early-riser c) theatre-goer d) engineer

7) There's a big supermarket on the ground floor and it's very … to do everyday shopping.

a) comfort  b) conveying c) complaint d) convenient

8) There are no … in our group.

a) sportsmans      b) sportsmens c) sportsmen     d) sportsman

9) Have you got …money left?

a) some b) a c)  anything d) any

10) She is forty-four but she … much younger.

a) sees  b) looks c) look d) watches

11) Stop making such noise! Father ….

а) is sleeping b) are sleeping c) sleeps d) have slept

12) Yesterday the students … to the interesting lecture on Literature.

a) listen  b) listened c) are listening d) have listened

Тест 4

1) I bought a … dress.

a) most beautiful b) more beautiful c) the more beautiful d) beautifuller

2) Would you like …salad? – Yes, thank you. My doctor says it`s good for my health.

a) a few b) а little c) few d) many

3) Alex is my first name and Sidorov is my ….

a) surname b) address c) family d) phone number

4) Last Tuesday he … upset and …no idea where to go.

a) is, have b) is, had c) was, had d) was, have

5) Various kinds of sports … popular in Russia.

a) is b) are c) be d) am

6) Let`s stay here … longer: it is such a nice place.

a) much b) little c) a little d) a few

7) My father is … than me.

a) strong b) more strong c) stronger d) the strongest

 8) How many … have they got?

 a) child b) children c) childs d) childes 

 9) I`ve just made … coffee. Would you like…?

 a) any, some b) some, some c) any, any d) some, any

 10) Our flat is very comfortable and …

 a) well b) well-planned  c) well-behaved  d) well-bred

 11) You live in a multi-storied … in Moscow.

 a) block of rooms b) block of flats c) block of lifts d) cathedral

 12) The weather …. Fine today. It … warm, sunny and not windy.

 a) was, was b) be, be c) is, is d) was, is

Тест 5

1) Can you… me the way to the supermarket, please?

 a) show b) to show c) showed d) will show

2) Would you like …salad? – Yes, thank you. My doctor says it`s good for my health.

a) a few b) а little c) few d) many

3) He usually gets up … 6, does some exercises and goes … the office.

a) in, to b) on, at c) at, at d) at, to

4) In the middle of the room there …. a big table and six chairs … it.

a) is, round b) are, round c) is, between d) are, behind

5) I never … to Rome.

a) been b) have been c) was d) has been

6) What … you …here now at such a late hour?

a) have doing b) is doing c) are doing d) have done

7) When … you … him yesterday?

a) do meet b) does meet c) did met d) did meet

8) I heard the knock on the door but when I opened … there was … outside.

a) her, anything b) it, something c) it, nothing d) it, nobody 

9) He … football sometimes, but … watching the game either on TV or at the local sports ground.

a) play, prefer b) plays, prefers c) playing, prefer d) play, prefers

10) Do you know that an exciting match… here next Sunday?

a) will take place b) shall take place c) have take place d) take place

11) My house… situated not far from …. Irtysh.

a) are, the b) is, - c) is, the d) -, an

12) Have you got … money left?

a) some b) a c) anything d) any

Тест 6

1) The shops… closed yesterday. It … a national holiday

a) was, were b) were, was c) are, is d) is, are

2) Alex is my first name and Sidorov is my ….

a) surname b) address c) family d) phone number

3)  The word “library” comes from the Latin word liber meaning a … 

a) newspaper b) magazine c) journal d) book

4) I want to be a … , that is why I entered the Library college.

a) librarian b) teacher c) doctor d) driver

5) I … play the piano well.

a) can b) can to c) to can to d) am can.

6) How many … have they got?

a) child b) children c) childs d) childes. 

7) But most of all I like the subjects… my future profession.

a) at b) of c) on d) with

8) At the college we learn … lot of useful things.

a)  a b) the c) – d) an

9) I am not an …, so it`s not easy for me to get up early in the morning.

a)  student b) early-riser c) theatre-goer d) engineer

10) It is necessary for me to use the … for preparing seminar’s questions.

a)  book stock b) book worm c) book size d) booking-office

11) I can`t find my umbrella: somebody ….it.

a)  took b)  will take c) has taken d ) has took

12) What …. You … here now at such a late hour?

a) have doing b) is doing c) are doing d) have done

Тест 7

1) Yesterday the students … to the interesting lecture on Literature.

a) listen  b) listened c) are listening d) have listened

2) I study at the faculty of  …

a) librarianship b) archives c) vet d) bookkeeping

3) My father … washing his car now.

a) wash b) washed c) washing d) is washing

4) I can see three … in the photo.

a) man b) men c) mans d) mens

5) Hobbies … like tastes.

a) different b) differs c) differ  d) difference

6) Yesterday the students … at the exhibition.

a)  are    b) was c) being d) were

7)  My father is … than me.

a)  strong b) more strong c) stronger d) the strongest

8) We … interested in classical music.

a) am b) is c) are d) a

9) How many … have they got?

a) child b) children c) childs d) childes 

10) At the college we learn … lot of useful things.

a) a b) the c) – d) an

11) We … already the composition.

a) wrote b) have written c) written  d) has written

12) Next year my son …  the University.

a)  shall enter b) enter c) have entered d) will enter

Тест 8

1) I … play the piano well.

a) can b) can to c) to can to d) am can

2) Our flat is very comfortable and …

a) well b) well-planned  c) well-behaved  d) well-bred

3) There … 20 people in the classroom.

a) are b) is c) am d) be

4) We live in a 16-storeyed block of … in Strogino.

a) houses b) floors c) flats d) cottages

5) I bought a … dress.

a) most beautiful b) more beautiful c) the more beautiful d) beautifuller

6) The English are very fond … gardening.

a) at b) with c) in d) of

7) We ... five days a week.
a) work b) works c) are working d) are work

8) I ... some flowers in the garden last Sunday.
a) plant b) planted c) will plant d) have planted

9) She ... already ... her coffee.
a) has drank b) have drunk c) has drunk d) will drink

10) Tom is … manager in the company.

a) clever  b) cleverer c) the cleverest d) more clever
11)  I can see three … in the photo.

a) woman b) women c) womans d) womens

12) What time … he usually … ?

a) do, gets up          b) -, get up        c) does, get up        d) does, gets up